| Streptococcus anginosus |
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Differential characters between S. anginosus and S. constellatus.
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Bacillota (Firmicutes), Class Bacilli, Order Lactobacillales, Family Streptococcaceae, Genus Streptococcus, Streptococcus
anginosus Andrewes & Horder 1906. Two subspecies:
- Streptococcus anginosus subsp. anginosus (Andrewes and Horder 1906) Jensen et al. 2013;
- Streptococcus anginosus subsp. whileyi Jensen et al. 2013.
Synonyms: Streptococcus milleri Guthof 1956, Streptococcus constellatus (Prevot 1924) Holdeman and Moore 1974, Streptococcus
intermedius Prevot 1925.
The majority of S. anginosus subsp. anginosus strains belongs to Lancefield group F, some of them to groups A, C and G. Subsp.
whiley strains belongs to Lancefield group C.
anginosus Andrewes & Horder 1906. Two subspecies:
- Streptococcus anginosus subsp. anginosus (Andrewes and Horder 1906) Jensen et al. 2013;
- Streptococcus anginosus subsp. whileyi Jensen et al. 2013.
Synonyms: Streptococcus milleri Guthof 1956, Streptococcus constellatus (Prevot 1924) Holdeman and Moore 1974, Streptococcus
intermedius Prevot 1925.
The majority of S. anginosus subsp. anginosus strains belongs to Lancefield group F, some of them to groups A, C and G. Subsp.
whiley strains belongs to Lancefield group C.
Gram positive cocci, nonsporeforming, nonmotile, grouped in short chains.
Colonies on blood agar are 0.5 to 2.0 mm in diameter, white or translucent, convex,
and entire; some strains produce colonies that are 0.5 to 1.0 mm in diameter, white,
and matte. Can grow at 45 ºC, but variable at 10 ºC. Grow better anaerobically. Growth
is reduced under aerobic conditions and is frequently enhanced by CO2. Some of the
strains require anaerobic conditions for growth.
Most strains give partial hemolysis (alpha), some may give beta-hemolysis or none.
All S. anginosus subsp. whiley strains are beta-haemolytic.
and entire; some strains produce colonies that are 0.5 to 1.0 mm in diameter, white,
and matte. Can grow at 45 ºC, but variable at 10 ºC. Grow better anaerobically. Growth
is reduced under aerobic conditions and is frequently enhanced by CO2. Some of the
strains require anaerobic conditions for growth.
Most strains give partial hemolysis (alpha), some may give beta-hemolysis or none.
All S. anginosus subsp. whiley strains are beta-haemolytic.
Isolated from the mouth, oropharynx, gastrointestinal tract, vagina & other human and animal clinical samples. Strains that are able to
produce acid from mannitol, raffinose, and melibiose are frequently associated with the human female genital tract.
produce acid from mannitol, raffinose, and melibiose are frequently associated with the human female genital tract.
Human and animal infections: various organs abscesses, menigitis, endocarditis, obstetrical infections, dental infections, sinusitis,
bacteremia and neonatal sepsis.
bacteremia and neonatal sepsis.
- Anders Jensen, Tomonori Hoshino, and Mogens Kilian. Taxonomy of the Anginosus group of the genus Streptococcus and
description of Streptococcus anginosus subsp. whileyi subsp. nov. and Streptococcus constellatus subsp. viborgensis subsp. nov.
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol July 2013 63:2506-2519. - Robert A. Whiley and Jeremy M. Hardie, 2009. Genus I. Streptococcus Rosenbach 1884, 22AL. In: (Eds.) P.D. Vos, G. Garrity, D.
Jones, N.R. Krieg, W. Ludwig, F.A. Rainey, K.-H. Schleifer, W.B. Whitman. Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Volume 3:
The Firmicutes, Springer, 655-711. - Holt J.G., Krieg N.R., Sneath P.H.A., Staley J.T. and Williams S.T., 1994. Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, Ninth
Edition, Williams & Wilkins, A Waverly Company, Baltimore, pp 527-558. - Coykendall A.L., Wesbecher P.M. & Gustafson K.B.: Streptococcus milleri, Streptococcus constellatus, and Streptococcus
intermedius are later synonyms of Streptococcus anginosus. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1987, 37, 222-228. - Whiley R.A. & Beighton D.: Emended descriptions and recognition of Streptococcus constellatus, Streptococcus intermedius, and
Streptococcus anginosus as distinct species. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1991, 41, 1-5.
Positive results for acetoin production, alkaline phosphatase, beta-glucosidase, leucine arylamidase, arginine hydrolysis, esculin
hydrolysis, acid production from: amygdalin, arbutin, cellobiose, glucose, lactose, mannitol, melibiose, salicin and trehalose.
Negative for hippurate hydrolysis, urease, beta-D-fucosidase, beta-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase,
pyrrolidonylaminidase, sialidase, acid production from: arabinose, glycerol, glycogen, inulin, ribose, sorbitol and xylose.
Variable results for: alpha-galactosidase (subsp. whiley is negative), alpha-glucosidase and hyaluronidase (subsp. whiley is positive,
while subsp. anginosus is usually negative), acid production from: glycerol, melibiose, melezitose and raffinose.
hydrolysis, acid production from: amygdalin, arbutin, cellobiose, glucose, lactose, mannitol, melibiose, salicin and trehalose.
Negative for hippurate hydrolysis, urease, beta-D-fucosidase, beta-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase,
pyrrolidonylaminidase, sialidase, acid production from: arabinose, glycerol, glycogen, inulin, ribose, sorbitol and xylose.
Variable results for: alpha-galactosidase (subsp. whiley is negative), alpha-glucosidase and hyaluronidase (subsp. whiley is positive,
while subsp. anginosus is usually negative), acid production from: glycerol, melibiose, melezitose and raffinose.
(c) Costin Stoica
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