| Pseudomonas viridiflava |
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Pseudomonadota (Proteobacteria), Class Gammaproteobacteria, Order Pseudomonadales, Family Pseudomonadaceae,
Genus Pseudomonas, Pseudomonas viridiflava (Burkholder 1930) Dowson 1939.
Old synonym: Phytomonas viridiflava Burkholder 1930.
Closely related with Pseudomonas syringae.
Genus Pseudomonas, Pseudomonas viridiflava (Burkholder 1930) Dowson 1939.
Old synonym: Phytomonas viridiflava Burkholder 1930.
Closely related with Pseudomonas syringae.
Gram-negative rods, motile by 1 or 2 polar flagella.
Fluorescent pigment produced. May get yellowish in media with 5% sucrose and olive
to golden brown in media with yeast extract and glycerol. A blue-green insoluble
pigment is produced by some strains.On Beef-extract agar colonies are grayish white
with corrugated margins and irregular edges.
Obligately aerobic, optimum temperature 26 ºC (no growth at 41 ºC).
Can grow on MacConkey agar, Nutrient agar or nutrient broth, Nutrient yeast-dextrose
agar, King's medium B.
to golden brown in media with yeast extract and glycerol. A blue-green insoluble
pigment is produced by some strains.On Beef-extract agar colonies are grayish white
with corrugated margins and irregular edges.
Obligately aerobic, optimum temperature 26 ºC (no growth at 41 ºC).
Can grow on MacConkey agar, Nutrient agar or nutrient broth, Nutrient yeast-dextrose
agar, King's medium B.
Isolated from soil, plants and chicken feces. First isolated from the dwarf or runner bean, in Switzerland.
Plant pathogen (Arabidopsis thaliana, Lycopersicum esculentum - tomato - leaf and fruit spot disease, Phaseolus vulgaris - bean,
peach, pumpkin, crucifers, and cowpea). Leaf spot and necrosis on melon in Turkey reported. Other plants may also be affected.
peach, pumpkin, crucifers, and cowpea). Leaf spot and necrosis on melon in Turkey reported. Other plants may also be affected.
- Burkholder W.H.: The bacterial diseases of the bean. Memoirs, Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, 1930, 127, 1-88.
- Dowson W.J.: On the systematic position and generic names of the Gram negative bacterial plant pathogens. Zentralblatt fur
Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. Abteilung II, 1939, 100, 177-193. - Y. Aysan, M. Mirik, A. Ala, F. Sahin & O. Cinar: First report of Pseudomonas viridiflava on melon in Turkey. Plant Pathology Volume
52 Issue 6, Pages 800 - 800 - J. B. Jones, John Paul Jones, S. M. McCarter & R. E. Stall : Pseudomonas viridiflava: Causal Agent of Bacterial Leaf Blight of
Tomato. Plant Disease/April 1984 341 - Jakob, K., Goss, E.M., Araki, H., Van, T., Kreitman, M., and Bergelson, J. (2002). Pseudomonas viridiflava and P. syringae - Natural
pathogens of Arabidopsis thaliana. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 15, 1195-1203. - D.E. Goumas, N.E. Malathrakis and A.K. Chatzaki: Characterization of Pseudomonas viridiflava associated with a new symptom
on tomato fruit. European Journal of Plant Pathology 105: 927–932, 1999. - Hildebrand, D. C., Palleroni, N. J., Hendson, M., Toth, J., Johnson, J. L. Pseudomonas flavescens sp. nov., Isolated from Walnut
Blight Cankers. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1994 44: 410-415. - George M. Garrity, Julia A. Bell & Timothy Lilburn: Order IX Pseudomonadales Orla-Jensen 1921 In: Bergey’s Manual of
Systematic Bacteriology, Second edition,Vol two, part B, George M. Garrity (Editor-in-Chief), 2005, pp. 323-442. - Olofinsae SA, Adeleke OE, Ibeh BO. Occurrence of Pseudomonas lactis and Pseudomonas paralactis Amongst Non-Lactose-
Fermenting Bacterial Isolates in Chickens and Their Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns. Microbiology Insights. 2022;15. doi:
10.1177/11786361221130313
Positive results for the utilization of: glucose, mucate, succinate, glycerol, L-aspartate, L-glutamate, L-glutamine, gamma-
aminobutyrate, D-mannose, D-galactose, caproate, L-arginine, betaine, D-fructose, caprylate, pelargonate, lactate, mannitol,
m-inositol, p-hydroxybenzoate, quinate, L-serine, L-proline, fumarate, sucrose, glutarate, caprate, D-malate, glycerate, trigonelline,
D(-)-tartrate, pyruvate, erythritol, sorbitol, D-alanine, L-histidine, linolenate, triacetin, tripropionin, tricaproin, isoascorbate, L-tyrosine
and L-asparagine.
Negative results for indole production, arginine dihydrolase, oxidase, denitrification, starch hydrolysis and utilization of: raffinose,
L-leucine, L-tryptophan, ascorbate, D-arabinose, D-fucose, L-rhamnose, trehalose, maltose, cellobiose, lactose, melibiose,
methylglucoside, starch, inulin, 2-ketogluconate, salicin, N-acetylglucosamine, isobutyrate, isovalerate, linoleate, laurylsulfate,
tannate, oxalate, maleate, adipate, pimelate, suberate, azelate, sebacate, glycolate, thioglycolate, levulinate, citraconate, itaconate,
mesaconate, 3-phosphoglycerate, hydroxymethylbutyrate, adonitol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 2,3-butyleneglycol, methanol,
ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, geraniol, mandelate, benzoylformate, benzoate, o-hydroxybenzoate,
m-hydroxybenzoate, phthalate, phenylacetate, phenylethanediol, eicosenedioate, naphthalene, phenol, testosterone, glycine,
beta-alanine, L-threonine, L-isoleucine, L-norleucine, L-valine, L-lysine, L-ornithine, L-citrulline, D-aminovalerate, L-phenylalanine,
L-hydroxyproline, D-tryptophan, indoleacetic acid, L-kynurenine, kynurenate, anthranilate, methylamine, ethanolamine, benzylamine,
spermine, histamine, tryptamine, butylamine, creatine, choline, hippurate, urate, pantothenate, acetamide, nicotinate, dodecane,
hexadecane, poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate, pectate, chlorogenate, uridine, L(+)-tartrate, mucate and L-sorbose.
Sucrose, lactose, maltose, raffinose, salicin, and salts of formic and tartaric acids not fermented.
Variable result for lecithinase production and utilization of D-ribose, D-xylose, acetate, propionate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, L-arabinose,
gluconate, L-malate, citrate, aconitate, saccharate, valerate, malonate, m-tartrate, L(-)-tartrate, 2-ketoglutarate, hydroxymethylglutarate,
L-alanine, L-tyrosine, putrescine and lecithin.
aminobutyrate, D-mannose, D-galactose, caproate, L-arginine, betaine, D-fructose, caprylate, pelargonate, lactate, mannitol,
m-inositol, p-hydroxybenzoate, quinate, L-serine, L-proline, fumarate, sucrose, glutarate, caprate, D-malate, glycerate, trigonelline,
D(-)-tartrate, pyruvate, erythritol, sorbitol, D-alanine, L-histidine, linolenate, triacetin, tripropionin, tricaproin, isoascorbate, L-tyrosine
and L-asparagine.
Negative results for indole production, arginine dihydrolase, oxidase, denitrification, starch hydrolysis and utilization of: raffinose,
L-leucine, L-tryptophan, ascorbate, D-arabinose, D-fucose, L-rhamnose, trehalose, maltose, cellobiose, lactose, melibiose,
methylglucoside, starch, inulin, 2-ketogluconate, salicin, N-acetylglucosamine, isobutyrate, isovalerate, linoleate, laurylsulfate,
tannate, oxalate, maleate, adipate, pimelate, suberate, azelate, sebacate, glycolate, thioglycolate, levulinate, citraconate, itaconate,
mesaconate, 3-phosphoglycerate, hydroxymethylbutyrate, adonitol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 2,3-butyleneglycol, methanol,
ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, geraniol, mandelate, benzoylformate, benzoate, o-hydroxybenzoate,
m-hydroxybenzoate, phthalate, phenylacetate, phenylethanediol, eicosenedioate, naphthalene, phenol, testosterone, glycine,
beta-alanine, L-threonine, L-isoleucine, L-norleucine, L-valine, L-lysine, L-ornithine, L-citrulline, D-aminovalerate, L-phenylalanine,
L-hydroxyproline, D-tryptophan, indoleacetic acid, L-kynurenine, kynurenate, anthranilate, methylamine, ethanolamine, benzylamine,
spermine, histamine, tryptamine, butylamine, creatine, choline, hippurate, urate, pantothenate, acetamide, nicotinate, dodecane,
hexadecane, poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate, pectate, chlorogenate, uridine, L(+)-tartrate, mucate and L-sorbose.
Sucrose, lactose, maltose, raffinose, salicin, and salts of formic and tartaric acids not fermented.
Variable result for lecithinase production and utilization of D-ribose, D-xylose, acetate, propionate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, L-arabinose,
gluconate, L-malate, citrate, aconitate, saccharate, valerate, malonate, m-tartrate, L(-)-tartrate, 2-ketoglutarate, hydroxymethylglutarate,
L-alanine, L-tyrosine, putrescine and lecithin.
(c) Costin Stoica
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