| Pseudomonas protegens |
Positive results for arginine dihydrolase, gelatinase (with the exception of one strain), oxidase, Tween 80 hydrolysis, urease, acid
production from mannitol.
Can utilize: acetate, alpha-D-glucose, beta-D-fructose, D-trehalose, D-mannose, glycerol, myo-inositol, D-mannitol, L-malate,
cis-aconitate, trans-aconitate, citrate, D-gluconate, 2-ketogluconate, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, phenylacetate, protocatechuate,
4-hydroxybenzoate, quinate, benzoate, betain, putrescine, DL-alpha-amino-n-butyrate, histamine, DL-lactate, caprate, caprylate,
succinate, fumarate, glutarate, DL-glycerate, DL-alpha-amino-n-valerate, ethanolamine, D-glucosamine, itaconate,
DL-beta-hydroxybutyrate, L-aspartate, L-glutamate, L-proline, D- and L-alanine, L-serine, malonate, propionate, L-tyrosine,
2-ketoglutarate and 2-oxoglutarate.
Negative results for DNase, aesculin hydrolysis, levan production, nitrate reduction, pectinolyse, acid production from sorbitol and
erythritol.
No utilization of: adipate, tryptophan, D-galactose, sucrose, L-sorbose, alpha-D-melibiose, D-raffinose, maltotriose, maltose,
alpha-lactose, lactulose, 1-0-methyl-betagalactopyranoside, 1-0-methyl-alpha-galactopyranoside, D-cellobiose,
1-0-methyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside, beta-gentiobiose,aesculin, L-arabinose, D-xylose, palatinose, alpha-L-rhamnose, alpha-L-fucose,
D-melezitose, D- and L-arabitol, xylitol, dulcitol, D-tagatose, maltitol, D-turanose, D-sorbitol, adonitol,
hydroxyquinoline-beta-glucuronide, D-lyxose, i-erythritol, 1-0-methyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside, 3-0-methyl-D-glucopyranose,
D-saccharate, mucate, L- and D-tartrate, mesotartrate, tricarballylate, D-galacturonate, 5-ketogluconate, L-tryptophan, gentisate,
3-hydroxybenzoate, 3-phenylpropionate, m-coumarate, trigonelline, L-histidine and tryptamine.
production from mannitol.
Can utilize: acetate, alpha-D-glucose, beta-D-fructose, D-trehalose, D-mannose, glycerol, myo-inositol, D-mannitol, L-malate,
cis-aconitate, trans-aconitate, citrate, D-gluconate, 2-ketogluconate, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, phenylacetate, protocatechuate,
4-hydroxybenzoate, quinate, benzoate, betain, putrescine, DL-alpha-amino-n-butyrate, histamine, DL-lactate, caprate, caprylate,
succinate, fumarate, glutarate, DL-glycerate, DL-alpha-amino-n-valerate, ethanolamine, D-glucosamine, itaconate,
DL-beta-hydroxybutyrate, L-aspartate, L-glutamate, L-proline, D- and L-alanine, L-serine, malonate, propionate, L-tyrosine,
2-ketoglutarate and 2-oxoglutarate.
Negative results for DNase, aesculin hydrolysis, levan production, nitrate reduction, pectinolyse, acid production from sorbitol and
erythritol.
No utilization of: adipate, tryptophan, D-galactose, sucrose, L-sorbose, alpha-D-melibiose, D-raffinose, maltotriose, maltose,
alpha-lactose, lactulose, 1-0-methyl-betagalactopyranoside, 1-0-methyl-alpha-galactopyranoside, D-cellobiose,
1-0-methyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside, beta-gentiobiose,aesculin, L-arabinose, D-xylose, palatinose, alpha-L-rhamnose, alpha-L-fucose,
D-melezitose, D- and L-arabitol, xylitol, dulcitol, D-tagatose, maltitol, D-turanose, D-sorbitol, adonitol,
hydroxyquinoline-beta-glucuronide, D-lyxose, i-erythritol, 1-0-methyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside, 3-0-methyl-D-glucopyranose,
D-saccharate, mucate, L- and D-tartrate, mesotartrate, tricarballylate, D-galacturonate, 5-ketogluconate, L-tryptophan, gentisate,
3-hydroxybenzoate, 3-phenylpropionate, m-coumarate, trigonelline, L-histidine and tryptamine.
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Pseudomonadota (Proteobacteria), Class Gammaproteobacteria, Order Pseudomonadales, Family Pseudomonadaceae,
Genus Pseudomonas, Pseudomonas protegens Ramette et al. 2011.
Genus Pseudomonas, Pseudomonas protegens Ramette et al. 2011.
Gram-negative rods, 0.3-0.5 x 1-4 μm. Motile by 1-3 flagella.
Colonies on King’s B agar medium are white-yellowish and become fluorescent under
UV light. Growth occurs between 4 ºC and 36 ºC. Optimal growth temperature is 30 ºC.
Strictly aerobic.
UV light. Growth occurs between 4 ºC and 36 ºC. Optimal growth temperature is 30 ºC.
Strictly aerobic.
Isolated from tobacco, cotton and wheat.
May produce several antimicrobial secondary metabolites, such as 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (Phl) or pyoluteorin (Plt).
A few strains can cause hypersensitivity on tobacco leaves.
A few strains can cause hypersensitivity on tobacco leaves.
- Ramette A, Frapolli M, Fischer-Le Saux M, Gruffaz C, Meyer JM, Defago G, Sutra L, Moenne-Loccoz Y. Pseudomonas protegens sp.
nov., widespread plant-protecting bacteria producing the biocontrol compounds 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol and pyoluteorin. Syst
Appl Microbiol 2011; 34:180-188. - Liu Y, Rao Q, Blom J, Lin Q, Luo T. Pseudomonas piscis sp. nov., isolated from the profound head ulcers of farmed Murray cod
(Maccullochella peelii peelii). Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:2732-2739. - Mulet M, Martínez MJ, Gomila M, Dabernig-Heinz J, Wagner GE, et al. Genome-based species diversity assessment in the
Pseudomonas chlororaphis phylogenetic subgroup and proposal of Pseudomonas danubii sp. nov. isolated from freshwaters,
soil, and rhizosphere. Diversity 2023; 15:617.
(c) Costin Stoica
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