| Azotobacter nigricans |
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Pseudomonadota (Proteobacteria), Class Gammaproteobacteria, Order Pseudomonadales, Family Pseudomonadaceae,
Genus Azotobacter, Azotobacter nigricans Krassilnikov 1949. Two subspecies were described:
- Azotobacter nigricans subsp. nigricans (Krassilnikov 1949) Thompson and Skerman 1981,
- Azotobacter nigricans subsp. achromogenes Thompson and Skerman 1981 (the type strain is currently not available from a
recognized culture collection).
Genus Azotobacter, Azotobacter nigricans Krassilnikov 1949. Two subspecies were described:
- Azotobacter nigricans subsp. nigricans (Krassilnikov 1949) Thompson and Skerman 1981,
- Azotobacter nigricans subsp. achromogenes Thompson and Skerman 1981 (the type strain is currently not available from a
recognized culture collection).
Gram-negative, blunt rod to ellipsoid form, 2-4 µm. Cysts are formed in old cultures.
Non-motile.
Non-motile.
Colonies are smooth, but variants occur due to the quantity of extracellular
polysaccharide produced. Most colonies are opaque but can be translucent.
Subsp. nigricans old cultures produces a brown-black pigment, usually red-violet while
subsp. achromogenes old cultures produces only a yellow nondiffusible
pigment.Grows at 9-32 ºC, but not at 37 ºC. Aerobic.
polysaccharide produced. Most colonies are opaque but can be translucent.
Subsp. nigricans old cultures produces a brown-black pigment, usually red-violet while
subsp. achromogenes old cultures produces only a yellow nondiffusible
pigment.Grows at 9-32 ºC, but not at 37 ºC. Aerobic.
Isolated from soils in Eastern Europe.
Undetermined.
- George M. Garrity, Julia A. Bell & Timothy Lilburn: Order IX Pseudomonadales Orla-Jensen 1921 In: Bergey’s Manual of
Systematic Bacteriology, Second edition,Vol two, part B, George M. Garrity (Editor-in-Chief), 2005, pp. 323-442. - John G. Holt, Noel R. Krieg, Petere H.A. Sneath, James T. Staley, Stanley T. Williams, 1994. Bergey's Manual of Determinative
Bacteriology, Ninth edition. Genus Azotobacter, 77.
Positive results for nitrate reduction to nitrite, starch hydrolysis, oxidase, and urease.
Can utilize fructose, glucose, acetate, pyruvate, fumarate, malate, succinate, alpha-oxoglutarate, lactate, DL-gluconate, acetyl
methylcarbinol, sucrose, and trehalose.
No utilization of arabinose, benzoate, fucose, D-glucuronate, D-galacturonate, glutarate, glycolate, glycerol, phenol, rhamnose,
caproate, caprylate, meso-inositol, propionate, beta-phenylpropionate, lactose, mannose, ribose, and xylose.
Variable results for peroxidase, H2S production, utilization of malonate, 1-propanol, 1-butanol, n-butyrate, DL-beta-hydroxybutyrate,
melibiose, maltose, mannitol, raffinose, and sorbitol.
Can utilize fructose, glucose, acetate, pyruvate, fumarate, malate, succinate, alpha-oxoglutarate, lactate, DL-gluconate, acetyl
methylcarbinol, sucrose, and trehalose.
No utilization of arabinose, benzoate, fucose, D-glucuronate, D-galacturonate, glutarate, glycolate, glycerol, phenol, rhamnose,
caproate, caprylate, meso-inositol, propionate, beta-phenylpropionate, lactose, mannose, ribose, and xylose.
Variable results for peroxidase, H2S production, utilization of malonate, 1-propanol, 1-butanol, n-butyrate, DL-beta-hydroxybutyrate,
melibiose, maltose, mannitol, raffinose, and sorbitol.
(c) Costin Stoica
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