| Pectobacterium actinidiae |
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Pseudomonadota (Proteobacteria), Class Gammaproteobacteria, Order Enterobacterales, Family Pectobacteriaceae, Genus
Pectobacterium, Pectobacterium actinidiae Portier et al. 2019.
Not valid synonym: "Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. actinidiae" Koh et al. 2012.
Pectobacterium, Pectobacterium actinidiae Portier et al. 2019.
Not valid synonym: "Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. actinidiae" Koh et al. 2012.
Gram-negative rods, 0.9-1.0 x 2.4 µm. Motile by peritrichous flagella.
Colonies are smooth, entire margin, low convex, opaque, pale yellow in colour, and
2.0-2.5 mm in diameter on PS agar after 5 days at 25 ºC. Growth occurs at 4-40 ºC,
(optimally at 25 ºC) and at pH 4.5-11.0. Causes maceration of potato tuber slices and,
when grown at 28 ºC on CVP medium. Facultatively anaerobic.
2.0-2.5 mm in diameter on PS agar after 5 days at 25 ºC. Growth occurs at 4-40 ºC,
(optimally at 25 ºC) and at pH 4.5-11.0. Causes maceration of potato tuber slices and,
when grown at 28 ºC on CVP medium. Facultatively anaerobic.
Isolated from kiwifruit plant Actinidia chinensis cv. Hort16A showing bacterial canker-like symptoms.
Sensitive to kanamycin, amikacin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, nalidixic acid, gentamicin, ampicillin, tetracycline, novobiocin and
rifampin but resistant to polymixin B, penicillin, erythromycin and vancomycin.
Sensitive to kanamycin, amikacin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, nalidixic acid, gentamicin, ampicillin, tetracycline, novobiocin and
rifampin but resistant to polymixin B, penicillin, erythromycin and vancomycin.
Produces canker-like symptoms in yellow kiwifruit, Actinidia chinensis.
- Koh YJ, Kim GH, Lee YS, Sohn SH, Koh HS et al. Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. actinidiae subsp. nov., a new bacterial
pathogen causing canker-like symptoms in yellow kiwifruit, Actinidia chinensis. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural
Science 2012;40:269–279. - Portier P, Pedron J, Taghouti G, Fischer-Le Saux M, Caullireau E, Bertrand C, Laurent A, Chawki K, Oulgazi S, Moumni M, et al.
Elevation of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. odoriferum to species level as Pectobacterium odoriferum sp. nov., proposal of
Pectobacterium brasiliense sp. nov. and Pectobacterium actinidiae sp. nov., emended description of Pectobacterium
carotovorum and description of Pectobacterium versatile sp. nov., isolated from streams and symptoms on diverse plants. Int J
Syst Evol Microbiol 2019; 69:3214-3223.
Positive results for acid phosphatase, casein hydrolysis, esculin hydrolysis, beta-galactosidase, alpha-glucosidase, gelatin
hydrolysis, alpha-mannosidase, nitrate reduction, naphtolAS-BI-phosphohydrolase, Voges-Proskauer test, acid production from
amygdalin, D-glucose, D-mannitol, D-melibiose, L-rhamnose, and D-sucrose.
Assimilate citrate, D-glucose, L-arabionose, D-mannose, D-mannitol, D-maltose, malic acid, N-aceylglucosamine, and potassium
gluconate.
Can utilize (Biolog GENIII plates) acetic acid, D-aspartic acid, D-fructose, D-fructose-6-phosphate, D-galactose, D-galacturonic acid,
D-glucose-6-phosphate, D-mannitol, D-mannose, melibiose, raffinose, D-saccharic acid, D-salicin, beta-gentiobiose, glycerol,
L-aspartic acid, mucic acid, myo-inositol, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, pectin, sucrose, D-glucose, lactose, methyl beta-D-glucoside, 1%
sodium lactate, bromo-succinic acid, citric acid, cellobiose, D-gluconic acid, trehalose, fusidic acid, guanidine hydrochloride,
L-galactonic acid-g-lactone, L-glutamic acid, L-lactic acid, L-malic acid, L-rhamnose, L-serine, methyl pyruvate, butyric acid and
stachyose, dextrin (weakly), D-sorbitol (weakly), maltose (weakly) and D-arabitol (weakly).
Negative results for alkaline phosphatase, arginine dihydrolase, cystine arylamidase, esterase (C4), esterase lipase (C8),
alpha-fucosidase, alpha-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, beta-glucosidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, H2S production,
indole production, lipase (C14), leucine arylamidase, lysine decarboxylase, ornithine decarboxylase, trypsin, alpha-chymotrypsin,
starch hydrolysis, Tween 80 hydrolysis, urease, valine arylamidase, acid production from D-sorbitol.
No assimilation of capric acid, adipic acid, and phenylacetic acid.
No utilization (Biolog GENIII plates) of 3-O-methyl-D-glucose, acetoacetic acid, D-lactic acid methyl ester, D-malic acid, D-serine,
gelatin, glucuronamide, L-arginine, L-fucose, L-histidine, L-pyroglutamic acid, N-acetyl-neuraminic acid, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine,
propionic acid, quinic acid, sodium bromate, Tween 40, alpha-hydroxy-butyric acid, alpha-keto-butyric acid, beta-hydroxybutyric acid,
p-hydroxy-phenylacetic acid, gamma-amino-n-butyric acid, D-fucose, D-glucuronic acid, turanose, inosine, L-alanine, and
N-acetyl-beta-D-mannosamine.
hydrolysis, alpha-mannosidase, nitrate reduction, naphtolAS-BI-phosphohydrolase, Voges-Proskauer test, acid production from
amygdalin, D-glucose, D-mannitol, D-melibiose, L-rhamnose, and D-sucrose.
Assimilate citrate, D-glucose, L-arabionose, D-mannose, D-mannitol, D-maltose, malic acid, N-aceylglucosamine, and potassium
gluconate.
Can utilize (Biolog GENIII plates) acetic acid, D-aspartic acid, D-fructose, D-fructose-6-phosphate, D-galactose, D-galacturonic acid,
D-glucose-6-phosphate, D-mannitol, D-mannose, melibiose, raffinose, D-saccharic acid, D-salicin, beta-gentiobiose, glycerol,
L-aspartic acid, mucic acid, myo-inositol, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, pectin, sucrose, D-glucose, lactose, methyl beta-D-glucoside, 1%
sodium lactate, bromo-succinic acid, citric acid, cellobiose, D-gluconic acid, trehalose, fusidic acid, guanidine hydrochloride,
L-galactonic acid-g-lactone, L-glutamic acid, L-lactic acid, L-malic acid, L-rhamnose, L-serine, methyl pyruvate, butyric acid and
stachyose, dextrin (weakly), D-sorbitol (weakly), maltose (weakly) and D-arabitol (weakly).
Negative results for alkaline phosphatase, arginine dihydrolase, cystine arylamidase, esterase (C4), esterase lipase (C8),
alpha-fucosidase, alpha-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, beta-glucosidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, H2S production,
indole production, lipase (C14), leucine arylamidase, lysine decarboxylase, ornithine decarboxylase, trypsin, alpha-chymotrypsin,
starch hydrolysis, Tween 80 hydrolysis, urease, valine arylamidase, acid production from D-sorbitol.
No assimilation of capric acid, adipic acid, and phenylacetic acid.
No utilization (Biolog GENIII plates) of 3-O-methyl-D-glucose, acetoacetic acid, D-lactic acid methyl ester, D-malic acid, D-serine,
gelatin, glucuronamide, L-arginine, L-fucose, L-histidine, L-pyroglutamic acid, N-acetyl-neuraminic acid, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine,
propionic acid, quinic acid, sodium bromate, Tween 40, alpha-hydroxy-butyric acid, alpha-keto-butyric acid, beta-hydroxybutyric acid,
p-hydroxy-phenylacetic acid, gamma-amino-n-butyric acid, D-fucose, D-glucuronic acid, turanose, inosine, L-alanine, and
N-acetyl-beta-D-mannosamine.
(c) Costin Stoica
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