| Mixta calida |
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Pseudomonadota (Proteobacteria), Class Gammaproteobacteria, Order Enterobacterales, Family Erwiniaceae, Genus Mixta,
Mixta calida (Popp et al. 2010) Palmer et al. 2018 - type species of the genus.
Basonym: Pantoea calida Popp et al. 2010.
Mixta calida (Popp et al. 2010) Palmer et al. 2018 - type species of the genus.
Basonym: Pantoea calida Popp et al. 2010.
Gram-negative coccoid rods, 1.0 x 1.5-2.0 μm, occuring singly or in pairs. Motile. Non-
spore-forming.
spore-forming.
Colonies are nonpigmented and convex after 24 h of aerobic incubation at 37 ºC on
TSA medium. Grow poorly at 10 ºC (within 3 days) but well at 44 ºC. Facultatively
anaerobic.
TSA medium. Grow poorly at 10 ºC (within 3 days) but well at 44 ºC. Facultatively
anaerobic.
Isolated from powdered infant formula.
Undetermined, although a Mixta calida strain has been associated with post-operative meningitis.
- Palmer M, Steenkamp ET, Coetzee MPA, Avontuur JR, Chan WY, van Zyl E, Blom J, Venter SN. Mixta gen. nov., a new genus in the
Erwiniaceae. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2018; 68:1396-1407. - Popp A, Cleenwerck I, Iversen C, De Vos P, Stephan R. Pantoea gaviniae sp. nov. and Pantoea calida sp. nov., isolated from infant
formula and an infant formula production environment. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2010; 60:2786-2792. - Fritz S, Cassir N, Noudel R, de La Rosa S, Roche PH et al. Postsurgical Pantoea calida meningitis: a case report. J Med Case
Rep 2014;8:195. - Xia M, Wang J, Huo YX, Yang Y. Mixta tenebrionis sp. nov., isolated from the gut of the plastic-eating mealworm Tenebrio molitor L.
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:790-796. - Prakash O, Nimonkar Y, Vaishampayan A, Mishra M, Kumbhare S, Josef N, Shouche YS. Pantoea intestinalis sp. nov., isolated
from the human gut. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2015; 65:3352-3358.
Positive results for catalase, beta-glucosidase, beta-galactosidase, aesculin hydrolysis, nitrate reductase, Voges-Proskauer test,
acid production from L-arabinose, arbutin, cellobiose, D-fructose, D-galactose, D-glucose, glycerol, beta-gentiobiose, galacturonate,
gluconate, 2- and 5-ketogluconate, inositol, lactose, maltose, D-mannose, D-mannitol, melibiose, N-acetylglucosamine,
L-rhamnose, raffinose, D-ribose, D-sorbitol, salicin, sucrose, trehalose, and D-xylose.
Can utilize alpha-D-glucose, beta-D-fructose, D-galactose, trehalose, D-mannose, alpha-melibiose, sucrose, raffinose, maltotriose,
maltose, alpha-lactose, lactulose, 1-0-methyl beta-galactopyranoside, cellobiose, beta-gentiobiose, 1-0-methyl
beta-D-glucopyranoside, aesculin, D-ribose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, alpha-L-rhamnose, glycerol, myo-inositol, D-mannitol, D-sorbitol,
D-saccharate, mucate, L-malate, cis-aconitate, trans-aconitate, citrate, D-glucuronate, D-galacturonate, 2- and 5-keto-D-gluconate,
N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, D-gluconate, DL-lactate, succinate, fumarate, DL-glycerate, D-glucosamine, L-aspartate, L-glutamate,
L-proline, D- and L-alanine, L-serine and alpha-ketoglutarate.
Negative results for arginine dihydrolase, DNase, beta-glucuronidase, gelatinase, indole production, H2S production, lipase, lysine
decarboxylase, alpha-maltosidase, ornithine decarboxylase, urease, L-aspartic acid arylamidase, tryptophan deaminase, oxidase,
acid production from adonitol, amygdalin, D-arabinose, D- and L-arabitol, dulcitol, erythritol, D- and L-fucose, glycogen, inulin,
D-lyxose, melezitose, methyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside, methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside, methyl beta-D-xylopyranoside, L-sorbose,
starch, turanose, D-tagatose, xylitol and L-xylose.
No utilization of L-sorbose, 1-0-methyl alpha-galactopyranoside, palatinose, alpha-L-fucose, melezitose, D- and L-arabitol, xylitol,
dulcitol, D-tagatose, maltitol, turanose, adonitol, hydroxyquinoline-beta-glucuronide, D-lyxose, i-erythritol, 1-0-methyl
alpha-D-glucopyranoside, 3-0-methyl D-glucopyranoside, L- and D-tartrate, meso-tartrate, D-malate, tricarballylate, L-tryptophan,
phenylacetate, protocatechuate, p-hydroxybenzoate, quinate, gentisate, mhydroxybenzoate, benzoate, 3-phenylpropionate,
m-coumarate, trigonelline, betaine, putrescine, 4-aminobutyrate, histamine, caprate, caprylate, L-histidine, glutarate, 5-aminovalerate,
ethanolamine, tryptamine, itaconate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, malonate, propionate and L-tyrosine.
acid production from L-arabinose, arbutin, cellobiose, D-fructose, D-galactose, D-glucose, glycerol, beta-gentiobiose, galacturonate,
gluconate, 2- and 5-ketogluconate, inositol, lactose, maltose, D-mannose, D-mannitol, melibiose, N-acetylglucosamine,
L-rhamnose, raffinose, D-ribose, D-sorbitol, salicin, sucrose, trehalose, and D-xylose.
Can utilize alpha-D-glucose, beta-D-fructose, D-galactose, trehalose, D-mannose, alpha-melibiose, sucrose, raffinose, maltotriose,
maltose, alpha-lactose, lactulose, 1-0-methyl beta-galactopyranoside, cellobiose, beta-gentiobiose, 1-0-methyl
beta-D-glucopyranoside, aesculin, D-ribose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, alpha-L-rhamnose, glycerol, myo-inositol, D-mannitol, D-sorbitol,
D-saccharate, mucate, L-malate, cis-aconitate, trans-aconitate, citrate, D-glucuronate, D-galacturonate, 2- and 5-keto-D-gluconate,
N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, D-gluconate, DL-lactate, succinate, fumarate, DL-glycerate, D-glucosamine, L-aspartate, L-glutamate,
L-proline, D- and L-alanine, L-serine and alpha-ketoglutarate.
Negative results for arginine dihydrolase, DNase, beta-glucuronidase, gelatinase, indole production, H2S production, lipase, lysine
decarboxylase, alpha-maltosidase, ornithine decarboxylase, urease, L-aspartic acid arylamidase, tryptophan deaminase, oxidase,
acid production from adonitol, amygdalin, D-arabinose, D- and L-arabitol, dulcitol, erythritol, D- and L-fucose, glycogen, inulin,
D-lyxose, melezitose, methyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside, methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside, methyl beta-D-xylopyranoside, L-sorbose,
starch, turanose, D-tagatose, xylitol and L-xylose.
No utilization of L-sorbose, 1-0-methyl alpha-galactopyranoside, palatinose, alpha-L-fucose, melezitose, D- and L-arabitol, xylitol,
dulcitol, D-tagatose, maltitol, turanose, adonitol, hydroxyquinoline-beta-glucuronide, D-lyxose, i-erythritol, 1-0-methyl
alpha-D-glucopyranoside, 3-0-methyl D-glucopyranoside, L- and D-tartrate, meso-tartrate, D-malate, tricarballylate, L-tryptophan,
phenylacetate, protocatechuate, p-hydroxybenzoate, quinate, gentisate, mhydroxybenzoate, benzoate, 3-phenylpropionate,
m-coumarate, trigonelline, betaine, putrescine, 4-aminobutyrate, histamine, caprate, caprylate, L-histidine, glutarate, 5-aminovalerate,
ethanolamine, tryptamine, itaconate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, malonate, propionate and L-tyrosine.
(c) Costin Stoica
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