| Cytobacillus kochii |
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Bacillota (Firmicutes), Class Bacilli, Order Caryophanales, Family Cytobacillaceae, Genus Cytobacillus, Cytobacillus kochii
(Seiler et al. 2012) Patel and Gupta 2020.
Old synonym: Bacillus kochii Seiler et al. 2012.
(Seiler et al. 2012) Patel and Gupta 2020.
Old synonym: Bacillus kochii Seiler et al. 2012.
Gram-positive rods, 0.5-0.8 x 3-13 µm, rarely grouping in short chains. Motile.
Produce ellipsoidal endospores, paracentrally or subterminally and may slightly
stretch sporangia sometimes. No parasporal crystals.
Produce ellipsoidal endospores, paracentrally or subterminally and may slightly
stretch sporangia sometimes. No parasporal crystals.
Colonies are cream, flat to low convex, spreading and translucent with irregular to
filamentous margins. After 24 h on TSA at 30 ºC, colony diameter is 3-5 mm; after 72
h, 15-20 mm. An off odour is produced. Beta-haemolysis is produced on blood agar.
Growth occurs at 10-40 ºC (optimum 30 ºC), at pH 6.0-10.5 (optimum pH 7) and with
0-10% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0.5% NaCl). Aerobic; no anaerobic growth.
filamentous margins. After 24 h on TSA at 30 ºC, colony diameter is 3-5 mm; after 72
h, 15-20 mm. An off odour is produced. Beta-haemolysis is produced on blood agar.
Growth occurs at 10-40 ºC (optimum 30 ºC), at pH 6.0-10.5 (optimum pH 7) and with
0-10% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0.5% NaCl). Aerobic; no anaerobic growth.
Isolated from foods (German dairy products) and a pharmaceuticals production site.
Grows in the presence of 100 U lysozyme / ml, but not with 5 mg novobiocin / ml.
Grows in the presence of 100 U lysozyme / ml, but not with 5 mg novobiocin / ml.
Undetermined.
- Seiler H, Schmidt V, Wenning M, Scherer S. Bacillus kochii sp. nov., isolated from foods and a pharmaceuticals manufacturing
site. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2012; 62:1092-1097. - Lee GH, Rhee MS, Chang DH, Kwon KK, Bae KS, Yang SH, Kim BC. Bacillus solimangrovi sp. nov., isolated from mangrove soil.
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2014; 64:1622-1628. - Patel S, Gupta RS. A phylogenomic and comparative genomic framework for resolving the polyphyly of the genus Bacillus:
Proposal for six new genera of Bacillus species, Peribacillus gen. nov., Cytobacillus gen. nov., Mesobacillus gen. nov.,
Neobacillus gen. nov., Metabacillus gen. nov. and Alkalihalobacillus gen. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:406-438.
Positive results for alkaline phosphatase, catalase, citrate utilization, casein, alpha-chymotrypsin, DN-ase, gelatinase, leucine
arylamidase, pyrazinamidase, glycyl-tryptophan arylamidase, starch hydrolysis, Tweens 20, 40, 60 and 80 hydrolysis, weak acid
production from glycerol and D-ribose.
Weakly positive for acid phosphatase, cystine arylamidase, esterase (C4), esterase lipase (C8), leucine aminopeptidase, trypsin,
tryptophan deaminase and valine arylamidase.
Can utilize as sole carbon source: acetate, adipate, L-alanine, citrate, D-gluconate, 3-hydroxybenzoate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, itaconate,
malate, phenylacetate, L-proline, propionate, D-ribose, L-serine, suberate and valerate.
Negative results for arginine dihydrolase, alpha-fucosidase, alpha- and beta-galactosidase, alpha- and beta-glucosidase,
beta-glucuronidase, H2S production, indole production, hippurate hydrolysis, lecithinase, lipase (C14), lysine decarboxylase, alpha-
and beta-mannosidase, N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase, naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase, nitrate reduction, oxidase, ornithine
decarboxylase, phenylalanine deaminase, tributyrin hydrolysis, tyrosine hydrolysis, urease, Voges-Proskauer test, xanthine hydrolysis,
hypoxanthine hydrolysis, acid production from: alpha-cyclodextrin, D-adonitol, amygdalin, D- and L-arabinose, D- and L-arabitol, arbutin,
cellobiose, dulcitol, erythritol, D-fructose, D- and L-fucose, D-galactose, gentiobiose, D-gluconate, D-glucose, D-glucuronate, glycogen,
inulin, itaconate, 2- and 5-keto-D-gluconate, myo-inositol, lactose, D-lyxose, maltose, D-mannitol, D-mannose, melezitose, melibiose,
methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside, methyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside, methyl beta-D-xylopyranoside, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine,
palatinose, pullulan, raffinose, L-rhamnose, salicin, D-sorbitol, L-sorbose, starch, sucrose, D-tagatose, trehalose, turanose, xylitol or D-
and L-xylose.
No utilization of: caprate, L-fucose, D-glucose, glycogen, L-histidine, 4-hydroxybenzoate, 2- and 5-keto-D-gluconate, lactate, malonate,
melibiose, myo-inositol, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, L-rhamnose, salicin, D-sorbitol and sucrose.
Variable results for aesculin hydrolysis, and utilization of: L-arabinose, maltose, D-mannitol and D-mannose.
arylamidase, pyrazinamidase, glycyl-tryptophan arylamidase, starch hydrolysis, Tweens 20, 40, 60 and 80 hydrolysis, weak acid
production from glycerol and D-ribose.
Weakly positive for acid phosphatase, cystine arylamidase, esterase (C4), esterase lipase (C8), leucine aminopeptidase, trypsin,
tryptophan deaminase and valine arylamidase.
Can utilize as sole carbon source: acetate, adipate, L-alanine, citrate, D-gluconate, 3-hydroxybenzoate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, itaconate,
malate, phenylacetate, L-proline, propionate, D-ribose, L-serine, suberate and valerate.
Negative results for arginine dihydrolase, alpha-fucosidase, alpha- and beta-galactosidase, alpha- and beta-glucosidase,
beta-glucuronidase, H2S production, indole production, hippurate hydrolysis, lecithinase, lipase (C14), lysine decarboxylase, alpha-
and beta-mannosidase, N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase, naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase, nitrate reduction, oxidase, ornithine
decarboxylase, phenylalanine deaminase, tributyrin hydrolysis, tyrosine hydrolysis, urease, Voges-Proskauer test, xanthine hydrolysis,
hypoxanthine hydrolysis, acid production from: alpha-cyclodextrin, D-adonitol, amygdalin, D- and L-arabinose, D- and L-arabitol, arbutin,
cellobiose, dulcitol, erythritol, D-fructose, D- and L-fucose, D-galactose, gentiobiose, D-gluconate, D-glucose, D-glucuronate, glycogen,
inulin, itaconate, 2- and 5-keto-D-gluconate, myo-inositol, lactose, D-lyxose, maltose, D-mannitol, D-mannose, melezitose, melibiose,
methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside, methyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside, methyl beta-D-xylopyranoside, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine,
palatinose, pullulan, raffinose, L-rhamnose, salicin, D-sorbitol, L-sorbose, starch, sucrose, D-tagatose, trehalose, turanose, xylitol or D-
and L-xylose.
No utilization of: caprate, L-fucose, D-glucose, glycogen, L-histidine, 4-hydroxybenzoate, 2- and 5-keto-D-gluconate, lactate, malonate,
melibiose, myo-inositol, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, L-rhamnose, salicin, D-sorbitol and sucrose.
Variable results for aesculin hydrolysis, and utilization of: L-arabinose, maltose, D-mannitol and D-mannose.
(c) Costin Stoica
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