| Photobacterium phosphoreum |
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Proteobacteria, Class Gammaproteobacteria, Order Vibrionales, Family Vibrionaceae, Genus Photobacterium,
Photobacterium phosphoreum (Cohn 1878) Beijerinck 1889, type species of the genus.
Historical synonyms: Micrococcus phosphoreus Cohn 1878, Bacillus phosphorescens II Baumgarten 1888, Bacterium
phosphorescens Fischer 1888, Photobacterium phosphorescens Beijerinck 1889, Bacillus hermesi Trevisan 1889, Bacillus
phosphoreus (Cohn) Mace 1901, Photobacter phosphorescens Beijerinck 1901, Bacterium phosphoreum (Cohn) Molisch 1912,
Photobacter phosphoreum (Cohn) Beijerinck 1916, Photobacterium phosphoreum (Cohn ) Ford 1927, Micrococcus physiculus
Kishitani 1930, Coccobacillus acropoma Yasaki and Haneda 1936, Photobacterium profundum Weisglass and Gavrilovic 1963.
Photobacterium phosphoreum (Cohn 1878) Beijerinck 1889, type species of the genus.
Historical synonyms: Micrococcus phosphoreus Cohn 1878, Bacillus phosphorescens II Baumgarten 1888, Bacterium
phosphorescens Fischer 1888, Photobacterium phosphorescens Beijerinck 1889, Bacillus hermesi Trevisan 1889, Bacillus
phosphoreus (Cohn) Mace 1901, Photobacter phosphorescens Beijerinck 1901, Bacterium phosphoreum (Cohn) Molisch 1912,
Photobacter phosphoreum (Cohn) Beijerinck 1916, Photobacterium phosphoreum (Cohn ) Ford 1927, Micrococcus physiculus
Kishitani 1930, Coccobacillus acropoma Yasaki and Haneda 1936, Photobacterium profundum Weisglass and Gavrilovic 1963.
Gram-negative, straight rods, 0.8-1.3 x 1.8-2.4 µm. Involution forms occur in old
cultures and under adverse growth conditions. Motile by means of unsheathed polar
flagella .
cultures and under adverse growth conditions. Motile by means of unsheathed polar
flagella .
Colonies are smooth, semitranslucent, convex, ivory.
Grows on blood agar, BHI-agar, TSA supplemented with 1% NaCl, Thiosulfate citrate
bile sucrose agar, and Marine agar. Is unable to grow in the absence of Na+; able to
grow in nutrient broth with 1-6% NaCl. Some strains require L-methionine as organic
growth factor. Grow at 4-30 ºC (20-25 ºC optimum temperature). Facultative anaerobe,
chemoorganotrophic, luminescent (due to the presence of luciferase).
Grows on blood agar, BHI-agar, TSA supplemented with 1% NaCl, Thiosulfate citrate
bile sucrose agar, and Marine agar. Is unable to grow in the absence of Na+; able to
grow in nutrient broth with 1-6% NaCl. Some strains require L-methionine as organic
growth factor. Grow at 4-30 ºC (20-25 ºC optimum temperature). Facultative anaerobe,
chemoorganotrophic, luminescent (due to the presence of luciferase).
P. phosphoreum is a psychrophilic, deepwater species found at depths of 50-500 m. Isolated from the light organs of five fish families
(Macrouridae, Merluccidae, Opisthoproctidae, Trachichthydae, and Moridae) that are found in deep, cold waters.
Sensible to O/129 vibriostatic agent (10 & 150 µg).
(Macrouridae, Merluccidae, Opisthoproctidae, Trachichthydae, and Moridae) that are found in deep, cold waters.
Sensible to O/129 vibriostatic agent (10 & 150 µg).
Unknown (none).
- An Thyssen , Frans Ollevier, 2004. Genus II. Photobacterium Beijerinck 1889. In: Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology,
Second edition,Vol two, part B, George M. Garrity (Editor-in-Chief), pp. 546-555. - J. G.Holt et al., 1994. Group 5 Facultatively anaerobic Gram-negative rods. Subgroup 2 Family Vibrionaceae. In: Begey’s Manual of
Determinative Bacteriology, 9-th edition, Williams & Wilkins. pp. 190-194, 256-257. - Margaret S. Hendrie, J.M. Shewan ,1974. Genus IV. Photobacterium Beijerinck 1889. In: Bergey’s Manual of Determinative
Bacteriology, Eighth Edition, R. E. Buchanan and N.E.Gibbons (Editors), The Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore, 349-351.
Positive results for methyl red, nitrate reduction to nitrite, ONPG test, Voges-Proskauer, arginine dihydrolase, lysine decarboxylase,
acid production from: D-glucose (with gas), D-galactose, maltose & D-mannose.
Negative for indole, oxidase, lipase, citrate (Simmons), H2S production, urea hydrolysis, ornithine decarboxylase (1%NaCl), gelatin
hydrolysis, acid production from: D-adonitol, L-arabinose, D-arabitol, cellobiose, dulcitol, myo-inositol, lactose, D-mannitol, melibiose,
raffinose, L-rhamnose, salicin, D-sorbitol, sucrose, trehalose & D-xylose.
acid production from: D-glucose (with gas), D-galactose, maltose & D-mannose.
Negative for indole, oxidase, lipase, citrate (Simmons), H2S production, urea hydrolysis, ornithine decarboxylase (1%NaCl), gelatin
hydrolysis, acid production from: D-adonitol, L-arabinose, D-arabitol, cellobiose, dulcitol, myo-inositol, lactose, D-mannitol, melibiose,
raffinose, L-rhamnose, salicin, D-sorbitol, sucrose, trehalose & D-xylose.
(c) Costin Stoica
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