| Streptococcus equi |
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Firmicutes, Class Bacilli, Order Lactobacillales, Family Streptococcaceae, Genus Streptococcus,
- Streptococcus equi subsp. equi Sand and Jensen 1888
- Streptococcus equi subsp. ruminatorum Fernandez et al. 2004
- Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (ex Frost and Englebrecht 1936) Farrow and Collins 1985
All subspecies react with Lancefield group C antiserum.
- Streptococcus equi subsp. equi Sand and Jensen 1888
- Streptococcus equi subsp. ruminatorum Fernandez et al. 2004
- Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (ex Frost and Englebrecht 1936) Farrow and Collins 1985
All subspecies react with Lancefield group C antiserum.
Gram-positive, 0.6-1.0 μm, cocci; occuring in pairs, short or long chains.
Beta-haemolytic, small colonies (slightly mucous). Optimum growth temperature is
37.0 ºC. No growth at 10 or 45 ºC, 6.5% NaCl, in 10% bile, in 0.1% methylene blue or
at pH 9.6. Do not survive heating at 60 ºC for 30 minutes. Only subsp. ruminatorum is
CAMP-positive. Grow on complex media (Trypticase soy agar with defibrinated sheep
blood). Minimal nutritional requirements are unknown. Chemo-organotroph:
metabolism fermentative. Final pH in glucose broth is around 4.6-5.0.
37.0 ºC. No growth at 10 or 45 ºC, 6.5% NaCl, in 10% bile, in 0.1% methylene blue or
at pH 9.6. Do not survive heating at 60 ºC for 30 minutes. Only subsp. ruminatorum is
CAMP-positive. Grow on complex media (Trypticase soy agar with defibrinated sheep
blood). Minimal nutritional requirements are unknown. Chemo-organotroph:
metabolism fermentative. Final pH in glucose broth is around 4.6-5.0.
Isolated from animal clinical samples: wounds, absceses, respiratory tract discharges; milk (horses, ruminants); rarely isolated from
other animals or humans.
Subsp. ruminatorum was isolated from sheep, spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) and plains zebras (Equus burchelli).
other animals or humans.
Subsp. ruminatorum was isolated from sheep, spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) and plains zebras (Equus burchelli).
Subsp. equi - produce equine strangle.
Subsp. ruminatorum - mastitis in small ruminants. May cause infections in both immunodeficient and immunocompetent patients.
Subsp. zooepidemicus - blood infections, inflammatory exudate and lesions; mastitis in bovines. Isolated from human infections
usually due to the consumption of contaminated dairy products.
Subsp. ruminatorum - mastitis in small ruminants. May cause infections in both immunodeficient and immunocompetent patients.
Subsp. zooepidemicus - blood infections, inflammatory exudate and lesions; mastitis in bovines. Isolated from human infections
usually due to the consumption of contaminated dairy products.
- Robert A. Whiley and Jeremy M. Hardie, 2009. Genus I. Streptococcus Rosenbach 1884, 22AL. In: (Eds.) P.D. Vos, G. Garrity, D.
Jones, N.R. Krieg, W. Ludwig, F.A. Rainey, K.-H. Schleifer, W.B. Whitman. Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Volume 3:
The Firmicutes, Springer, 655-711. - Holt J.G., Krieg N.R., Sneath P.H.A., Staley J.T. and Williams S.T., 1994. Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, Ninth
Edition, Williams & Wilkins, A Waverly Company, Baltimore, pp 527-558. - Sand G. & Jensen C.O. Die Aetiologie der Druise. Deutsche Zeitschrift fur Tiermedizin und Vergleichende Pathologie, 1888, 13,
437-464. - Fernandez E., Blume V., Garrido P., Collins M.D., Mateos A., Dominguez L. & Fernandez-Garayzabal J.F.: Streptococcus equi
subsp. ruminatorum subsp. nov., isolated from mastitis in small ruminants. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2004, 54, 2291-2296. - Farrow J.A.E. & Collins M.D. Taxonomic studies on streptococci of serological groups C, G and L and possibly related taxa. Syst.
Appl. Microbiol., 1985, 5, 483-493. - Anne Sophie Daubie, Carine Defrance, Aurelie Renvoise, Eleodoro Barreda, Cosimo D'Alessandro, Florence Brossier, Vincent
Jarlier, Alexandra Aubry, 2014. Illustration of the Difficulty of Identifying Streptococcus equi Strains at the Subspecies Level through
a Case of Endocarditis in an Immunocompetent Man. JCM, Volume 52 Number 2 688-691, DOI: 10.1128/JCM.01447-13.
Positive results for beta-glucuronidase, alkaline phosphatase, argine dihydrolase, acid production from: glucose, glycogen, maltose,
pullulan, salicin and starch.
Negative results for alpha-galactosidase, beta-galactosidase (most strains), gelatin hydrolysis, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase,
pyrrolidonyl arylamidase, Voges-Proskauer reaction, acid production from: arabinose, glycerol, inulin, mannitol, melezitose, raffinose,
and xylose.
Variable results for esculin hydrolysis.
Differentiating Streptococcus equi subspecies:
pullulan, salicin and starch.
Negative results for alpha-galactosidase, beta-galactosidase (most strains), gelatin hydrolysis, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase,
pyrrolidonyl arylamidase, Voges-Proskauer reaction, acid production from: arabinose, glycerol, inulin, mannitol, melezitose, raffinose,
and xylose.
Variable results for esculin hydrolysis.
Differentiating Streptococcus equi subspecies:
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