| Actinobacillus suis |
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Proteobacteria, Class Gammaproteobacteria, Order Pasteurellales, Family Pasteurellaceae, Genus Actinobacillus,
Actinobacillus suis van Dorssen and Jaartsveld 1962.
Synonyms: equine strains of A. suis or hemolytic variants of A. equuli may constitute a separate group of organisms, provisionally
designated taxon 11 (Bisgaard etal., 1984).
Actinobacillus suis van Dorssen and Jaartsveld 1962.
Synonyms: equine strains of A. suis or hemolytic variants of A. equuli may constitute a separate group of organisms, provisionally
designated taxon 11 (Bisgaard etal., 1984).
Gram-negative, long rods and filaments. Nonmotile. Nonsporulated.
Colonies are sticky and adhere to the medium; in older colonies, a transparent border
zone is developed , giving the appearance of a fried egg. Hemolytic. Viscous growth
also occurs in nutrient broth, but is not so marked as in Actinobacillus equuli.
Nutrient agar and nutrient broth cultures die within 15 days at 40 ºC. Aerobic,
facultatively anaerobic. Optimum temperature is 37 ºC. Growth on MacConkey agar is
positive. V-factor independent.
zone is developed , giving the appearance of a fried egg. Hemolytic. Viscous growth
also occurs in nutrient broth, but is not so marked as in Actinobacillus equuli.
Nutrient agar and nutrient broth cultures die within 15 days at 40 ºC. Aerobic,
facultatively anaerobic. Optimum temperature is 37 ºC. Growth on MacConkey agar is
positive. V-factor independent.
Opportunistic pathogen of swine of all ages and has been isolated from healthy pigs. Colonize the upper respiratory tract and the oral
cavity and the genital tract of horses and pigs.
cavity and the genital tract of horses and pigs.
Associated with septicemia and death in suckling and newly weaned piglets; septicemia in mature swine has also been reported.
Localized infections, such as endocarditis, polyarthritis, subcutaneous abscesses, and pneumonia, pleuritis , pericarditis, have also
been observed. Has been associated with pneumonia, pleuritis , pericarditis and polyarthritis in horses. One report of cat lung
isolation.
Human infection as the result of a pig bite.
Localized infections, such as endocarditis, polyarthritis, subcutaneous abscesses, and pneumonia, pleuritis , pericarditis, have also
been observed. Has been associated with pneumonia, pleuritis , pericarditis and polyarthritis in horses. One report of cat lung
isolation.
Human infection as the result of a pig bite.
- Olsen I., Moller K., 2004. Genus II. Actinobacillus. In: Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Second edition, Vol two, part B,
George M. Garrity (Editor-in-Chief), pp. 866-883. - W.M. Janda, R. Mutters, 2006. Pasteurella, Mannheimia, Actinobacillus, Eikenella, Kingella, Capnocytophaga, and other
miscellaneous Gram-negative rods. In: Topley & Wilson’s Microbiology and Microbial Infections, 10 edition, Vol. 2, Bacteriology,
Edward Arnold Ltd. - J. G. Holt et al., 1994. Facultatively Anaerobic Gram-Negative Rods. Subgroup 3. Family Pasteurellaceae. In: Begey’s Manual of
Determinative Bacteriology, 9th-edition, Williams & Wilkins, pp 194-196. - Daignault D., Chouinard L., Moller K., Ahrens S. & Higgins R.: Isolation of Actinobacillus suis from a cat's lung. Can. Vet. J., 1999,
40, 52-53. - Bisgaard M, Christensen H. Classification of avian haemolytic Actinobacillus-like organisms (Bisgaard taxon 26) associated with
anseriforme birds as Actinobacillus anseriformium sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2012; 62:352-358.
Positive results for alpha-glucosidase, nitrates reduction, alkaline phosphatase, catalase, urease, esculin, glycerol, acid production
from: D(+) glucose (without gas), L(+) arabinose, D(+) xylose, D(-) fructose, D(+) galactose, D(+) mannose, cellobiose, lactose,
maltose, melibiose, sucrose, trehalose, raffinose, dextrin, and salicin.
Negative results for gelatinase, H2S production, Voges-Proskauer, arginine dehydrolase, lysine decarboxylase, ornithine
decarboxylase, indole production, acid production from: D(-) arabinose, dulcitol, L(-) fucose, meso-inositol, inulin, mannitol, D(-)
sorbitol, L(+) rhamnose, and L(-) sorbose.
Oxidase and ONPG tests are variable.
from: D(+) glucose (without gas), L(+) arabinose, D(+) xylose, D(-) fructose, D(+) galactose, D(+) mannose, cellobiose, lactose,
maltose, melibiose, sucrose, trehalose, raffinose, dextrin, and salicin.
Negative results for gelatinase, H2S production, Voges-Proskauer, arginine dehydrolase, lysine decarboxylase, ornithine
decarboxylase, indole production, acid production from: D(-) arabinose, dulcitol, L(-) fucose, meso-inositol, inulin, mannitol, D(-)
sorbitol, L(+) rhamnose, and L(-) sorbose.
Oxidase and ONPG tests are variable.
(c) Costin Stoica
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