| Gallibacterium anatis biovar haemolytica |
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Proteobacteria, Class Gammaproteobacteria, Order Pasteurellales, Family Pasteurellaceae, Genus Gallibacterium,
Gallibacterium anatis (Mutters et al. 1985) Christensen et al. 2003.
Synonyms: biovars 1, 3, 4, 11, 12, 15, 17-20, 22, 24 of the avian [Pasteurella haemolytica] - "Actinobacillus salpingitidis" complex,
Bisgaard 1982.
Gallibacterium anatis (Mutters et al. 1985) Christensen et al. 2003.
Synonyms: biovars 1, 3, 4, 11, 12, 15, 17-20, 22, 24 of the avian [Pasteurella haemolytica] - "Actinobacillus salpingitidis" complex,
Bisgaard 1982.
Gram-negative, usually bipolar, nonmotile cocobacilli, occuring singly or in pairs.
Colonies on bovine-blood agar are strong beta-haemolytic, greyish, non-transparent
but translucent at the periphery, smooth and shiny, with a butyrous, circular, raised
with entire margin and 1-2 mm in diameter after 24-48 h at 37 ºC. Facultative
anaerobic or microaerophilic. Pigment is not formed. No V-factor requirement. Growth
on MacConkey is variable.
but translucent at the periphery, smooth and shiny, with a butyrous, circular, raised
with entire margin and 1-2 mm in diameter after 24-48 h at 37 ºC. Facultative
anaerobic or microaerophilic. Pigment is not formed. No V-factor requirement. Growth
on MacConkey is variable.
Isolated from chickens, turkeys, web-footed birds, pigeons, pheasants, partridges, psittacine birds.
Negative in symbiotic growth.
Seems to be part of the normal upper-respiratory tract flora of chickens, but is also associated with pathological lesions, including
salpingitis, peritonitis, septicaemia, pericarditis, hepatitis, respiratory tract lesions and enteritis.
Negative in symbiotic growth.
Seems to be part of the normal upper-respiratory tract flora of chickens, but is also associated with pathological lesions, including
salpingitis, peritonitis, septicaemia, pericarditis, hepatitis, respiratory tract lesions and enteritis.
Associated with pathological lesions in chickens and other birds, including salpingitis, peritonitis, septicaemia, pericarditis, hepatitis,
respiratory tract lesions and enteritis
respiratory tract lesions and enteritis
- Christensen H, Bisgaard M, Bojesen M, Mutters R and Olsen JE, 2003. Genetic relationships among avian isolates classified as
Pasteurella haemolytica, ‘Actinobacillus salpingitidis’ or Pasteurella anatis with proposal of Gallibacterium anatis gen. nov., comb.
nov. and description of additional genomospecies within Gallibacterium gen. nov. IJSEM 53, 275-287. - Bisgaard M, Korczak BM, Busse HJ, Kuhnert P, Bojesen and Christensen H, 2009. Classification of the taxon 2 and taxon 3
complex of Bisgaard within Gallibacterium and description of Gallibacterium melopsittaci sp. nov., Gallibacterium
trehalosifermentans sp. nov. and Gallibacterium salpingitidis sp. nov. IJSEM 59, 735-744.
Description is based mostly on API 20E, API STAPH, API ZYM results.
Positive results for acid and alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminopeptidase, catalase, beta-galactosidase (ONPG),
alpha-glucosidase (PNPG), methyl red, nitrates reduction, oxidase, acid production from D-arabinose, fructose, L-fucose, galactose,
glucose (without gas production), gluconate, glycerol, mannitol, mannose, raffinose, ribose, sucrose and xylose.
Negative results for arginine dehydrolase, alpha-fucosidase, gelatinase, alpha-galactosidase, H2S (TSI), indole production,
beta-xylosidase (ONPX), beta-glucuronidase, lysine decarboxylase, ornithine decarboxylase, phenylalanine deaminase,
alpha-mannosidase, citrate (Simmons), Tween 20 and 80 hydrolysis, urease, Voges-Proskauer test, acid production from adonitol,
amygdalin, arbutin, L- arabinose, D- and L-arabitol, cellobiose, dulcitol, erythritol, esculin, D-fucose, beta-gentiobiose, glycogen,
inulin, 2- and 5-ketogluconate, lactose, D-lyxose, melezitose, melibiose, rhamnose, salicin, sorbose, starch, tagatose, turanose,
xylitol, N-acetylglucosamine, methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside.
Variable results for acid production from inositol, maltose, sorbitol and trehalose.
Positive results for acid and alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminopeptidase, catalase, beta-galactosidase (ONPG),
alpha-glucosidase (PNPG), methyl red, nitrates reduction, oxidase, acid production from D-arabinose, fructose, L-fucose, galactose,
glucose (without gas production), gluconate, glycerol, mannitol, mannose, raffinose, ribose, sucrose and xylose.
Negative results for arginine dehydrolase, alpha-fucosidase, gelatinase, alpha-galactosidase, H2S (TSI), indole production,
beta-xylosidase (ONPX), beta-glucuronidase, lysine decarboxylase, ornithine decarboxylase, phenylalanine deaminase,
alpha-mannosidase, citrate (Simmons), Tween 20 and 80 hydrolysis, urease, Voges-Proskauer test, acid production from adonitol,
amygdalin, arbutin, L- arabinose, D- and L-arabitol, cellobiose, dulcitol, erythritol, esculin, D-fucose, beta-gentiobiose, glycogen,
inulin, 2- and 5-ketogluconate, lactose, D-lyxose, melezitose, melibiose, rhamnose, salicin, sorbose, starch, tagatose, turanose,
xylitol, N-acetylglucosamine, methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside.
Variable results for acid production from inositol, maltose, sorbitol and trehalose.
(c) Costin Stoica
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