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| Mycobacterium fortuitum |
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Actinobacteria, Class Actinobacteria, Order Actinomycetales, Suborder Corynebacterineae, Family Mycobacteriaceae, Genus
Mycobacterium, Mycobacterium fortuitum da Costa Cruz 1938, two subspecies:
- Mycobacterium fortuitum subsp. acetamidolyticum Tsukamura et al. 1986,
- Mycobacterium fortuitum subsp. fortuitum (da Costa Cruz 1938) Tsukamura et al. 1986.
Possible synonym: "Mycobacterium ranae".
Mycobacterium fortuitum complex includes M. fortuitum, M. peregrinum, M. alvei, M. senegalense, M. porcinum, M. houstonense, M.
neworleansense, M. boenickei, M. conceptionense, M. septicum, and M. setense.
Mycobacterium, Mycobacterium fortuitum da Costa Cruz 1938, two subspecies:
- Mycobacterium fortuitum subsp. acetamidolyticum Tsukamura et al. 1986,
- Mycobacterium fortuitum subsp. fortuitum (da Costa Cruz 1938) Tsukamura et al. 1986.
Possible synonym: "Mycobacterium ranae".
Mycobacterium fortuitum complex includes M. fortuitum, M. peregrinum, M. alvei, M. senegalense, M. porcinum, M. houstonense, M.
neworleansense, M. boenickei, M. conceptionense, M. septicum, and M. setense.
Subsp. acetamidolyticum: acid-fast, short to intermediate length rods, 2-6 μm long. Does not form cords.
Subsp. fortuitum: acid-fast rods, 1-3 μm long; coccoid, short and some longer forms, Occasionaly cells are beaded or swollen with
non-acid-fast ovoid bodies at one end. Long filamentous branching forms are seen in pus. Acid-fastness varies.
Subsp. fortuitum: acid-fast rods, 1-3 μm long; coccoid, short and some longer forms, Occasionaly cells are beaded or swollen with
non-acid-fast ovoid bodies at one end. Long filamentous branching forms are seen in pus. Acid-fastness varies.
Temperature range for growth is 22-42 ºC; do not grow at 45 ºC. Grow at 28 ºC on
MacConkey agar without crystal violet.
Subsp. acetamidolyticum: colonies are rough, non-photochromogenic, and white in
color after incubation at 37 ºC for 5 days on Lowenstein-Jensen or Ogawa egg
medium. No growth in media supplemented with 5% (w/v) NaCl.
Subsp. fortuitum: colonies are smooth, hemispheric after incubation for 2-4 days;
may be butyrous, waxy, multilobate, or even rosette-clustered; dull, waxy, rough
colonies are also common. Colonies are usually off-white- or cream-colored. Grows
in media supplemented with 5% (w/v) NaCl.
MacConkey agar without crystal violet.
Subsp. acetamidolyticum: colonies are rough, non-photochromogenic, and white in
color after incubation at 37 ºC for 5 days on Lowenstein-Jensen or Ogawa egg
medium. No growth in media supplemented with 5% (w/v) NaCl.
Subsp. fortuitum: colonies are smooth, hemispheric after incubation for 2-4 days;
may be butyrous, waxy, multilobate, or even rosette-clustered; dull, waxy, rough
colonies are also common. Colonies are usually off-white- or cream-colored. Grows
in media supplemented with 5% (w/v) NaCl.
Subsp. acetamidolyticum: isolated from the sputum of a human patient.
Subsp. fortuitum: first hast been isolated from an injection site abscess, later from augmentation mammaplasties, endocarditis, local
abscesses, meningitis, osteomyelitis, post-operative sternal wound infections, and pulmonary disease in humans. Some strains have
been isolated from the lymph glands of cattle and systemic, nodular infections of frogs. One isolate from barbel intestine (Barbus
barbus) and one from a Guppy fish (Poecilia reticulata) not showing any visible lesions. Also found in soil.
Resistant to tiophene-2-carboxylic acid hydrazide (1 µg/ml), hydroxylamine (500 µg/ml), ethambutol (5 µg/ml), isoniazid (10 µg/ml),
rifampicin (25 µg/ml) and cycloserine (500 µg/ml).
Subsp. fortuitum: first hast been isolated from an injection site abscess, later from augmentation mammaplasties, endocarditis, local
abscesses, meningitis, osteomyelitis, post-operative sternal wound infections, and pulmonary disease in humans. Some strains have
been isolated from the lymph glands of cattle and systemic, nodular infections of frogs. One isolate from barbel intestine (Barbus
barbus) and one from a Guppy fish (Poecilia reticulata) not showing any visible lesions. Also found in soil.
Resistant to tiophene-2-carboxylic acid hydrazide (1 µg/ml), hydroxylamine (500 µg/ml), ethambutol (5 µg/ml), isoniazid (10 µg/ml),
rifampicin (25 µg/ml) and cycloserine (500 µg/ml).
Subsp. acetamidolyticum: is probably a lung pathogen.
Subsp. fortuitum: isolated from various infections and pulmonary disease.
Experimental infection: localized kidney lesions are common incalves, guinea pigs, mice, monkeys, and rabbits; middle ear lesions
lead to a characteristic “spinning disease” in mice.
Subsp. fortuitum: isolated from various infections and pulmonary disease.
Experimental infection: localized kidney lesions are common incalves, guinea pigs, mice, monkeys, and rabbits; middle ear lesions
lead to a characteristic “spinning disease” in mice.
- John G. Magee and Alan C. Ward 2012. Family III. Mycobacteriaceae Chester 1897, 63AL in Bergey’s Manual of Systematic
Bacteriology, Volume Five The Actinobacteria, Part A, Michael Goodfellow & al. (editors), 312-375. - Loredana Gabriela Popa, Mircea Ioan Popa 2009. Identificarea bacililor acido-rezistenti in: Tratat de microbiologie clinica, Dumitru
Buiuc, Marian Negut, ed. a III-a, Editura Medicala, 881-890, ISBN (13) 978-973-39-0593-6. - Tsukamura M, Yano I, Imaeda T. Mycobacterium fortuitum subspecies acetamidolyticum, a new subspecies of Mycobacterium
fortuitum. Microbiol Immunol 1986; 30:97-110. - Bojalil LF, Cerbon J, Trujillo A. Adansonian classification of mycobacteria. J Gen Microbiol 1962; 28:333-346.
- Bhalla, G. S., Sarao, M. S., Kalra, D., Bandyopadhyay, K., & John, A. R. (2018). Methods of phenotypic identification of non-
tuberculous mycobacteria. Practical Laboratory Medicine, 12, e00107. - Mrlik V, Slany M, Kubecka J, Seda J, Necas A, Babak V, Slana I, Kriz P, Pavlik I. 2012. A low prevalence of mycobacteria in freshwater
fish from water reservoirs, ponds and farms. J. Fish Dis. 35:497–504. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2761.2012.01369.x - Gcebe, N., Michel, A.L. & Hlokwe, T.M. Non-tuberculous Mycobacterium species causing mycobacteriosis in farmed aquatic animals
of South Africa. BMC Microbiol 18, 32 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-018-1177-9. - Lamy B, Marchandin H, Hamitouche K, Laurent F. Mycobacterium setense sp. nov., a Mycobacterium fortuitum-group organism
isolated from a patient with soft tissue infection and osteitis. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2008; 58:486-490.
Positive results for arylsulfatase (3 and 7 days), catalase (68 ºC), catalase (semiquantitative), nitrate reduction, iron uptake, Tween 80
hydrolysis (subsp. fortuitum), tellurite reduction (subsp. fortuitum), and urea hydrolysis.
Can utilize acetate, propionate, n-propanol, n-butanol, malate, fumarate, glucose, fructose, and maltose as sole carbon source in the
presence of ammonia.
Negative results for niacin production and beta-galactosidase. No utilization of succinate, benzoate, malonate, galactose, arabinose,
rhamnose, sucrose, trehalose, xylose, inositol and sorbitol.
Variable results for citrate utilization and nicotinamidase (subsp. acetamidolyticum is positive).
hydrolysis (subsp. fortuitum), tellurite reduction (subsp. fortuitum), and urea hydrolysis.
Can utilize acetate, propionate, n-propanol, n-butanol, malate, fumarate, glucose, fructose, and maltose as sole carbon source in the
presence of ammonia.
Negative results for niacin production and beta-galactosidase. No utilization of succinate, benzoate, malonate, galactose, arabinose,
rhamnose, sucrose, trehalose, xylose, inositol and sorbitol.
Variable results for citrate utilization and nicotinamidase (subsp. acetamidolyticum is positive).
(c) Costin Stoica
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Legend: +,90% or more of strains are positive; − 90% or more of strains are negative; v variable.