| Mycobacterium chlorophenolicum |
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Actinobacteria, Class Actinobacteria, Order Actinomycetales, Suborder Corynebacterineae, Family Mycobacteriaceae, Genus
Mycobacterium, Mycobacterium chlorophenolicum (Apajalahti et al. 1986) Haggblom et al. 1994.
Old synonym: Rhodococcus chlorophenolicus Apajalahti et al. 1986.
Mycobacterium, Mycobacterium chlorophenolicum (Apajalahti et al. 1986) Haggblom et al. 1994.
Old synonym: Rhodococcus chlorophenolicus Apajalahti et al. 1986.
Acid-fast rods in young cultures (fragmenting into coccoid forms in old cultures). A
thick capsule-like material surrounds the cells after 2 weeks of incubation.
thick capsule-like material surrounds the cells after 2 weeks of incubation.
Colonies are slightly mucoid, yellow to orange, scotochromogenic, after 4-8 days
incubation at 28 ºC. Good growth occurs at 18-37 ºC. No growth at 10 or 42 ºC. Growth
occurs in the presence of 0.003 and 3.0% NaCl, but not in the presence of 7% NaCl.
incubation at 28 ºC. Good growth occurs at 18-37 ºC. No growth at 10 or 42 ºC. Growth
occurs in the presence of 0.003 and 3.0% NaCl, but not in the presence of 7% NaCl.
Undetermined.
Isolated from chlorophenol-contaminated soil and sludge collected from different geographic locations in Finland.
Pentachlorophenol and other polychlorinated phenolic compounds are degraded.
Pentachlorophenol and other polychlorinated phenolic compounds are degraded.
- Apajalahti JHA, Kärpänoja P, Salkinoja-Salonen MS. Rhodococcus chlorophenolicus sp. nov., a chlorophenol-mineralizing
actinomycete. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 1986; 36:246-251. - Haggblom MM, Nohynek LJ, Palleroni NJ, Kronqvist K, Nurmiaho-Lassila EL, Salkinoja-Salonen MS, Klatte S, Kroppenstedt RM,
Hagglblom MM. Transfer of polychlorophenol-degrading Rhodococcus chlorophenolicus (Apajalahti et al. 1986) to the genus
Mycobacterium as Mycobacterium chlorophenolicum comb. nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1994; 44:485-493. - John G. Magee and Alan C. Ward 2012. Family III. Mycobacteriaceae Chester 1897, 63AL in Bergey’s Manual of Systematic
Bacteriology, Volume Five The Actinobacteria, Part A, Michael Goodfellow & al. (editors), 312-375. - Nouioui I, Brunet LR, Simpson D, Klenk HP, Goodfellow M. Description of a novel species of fast growing mycobacterium:
Mycobacterium kyogaense sp. nov., a scotochromogenic strain received as Mycobacterium vaccae. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2018;
68:3726-3734.
Positive results for acid phosphatase (negative in API ZYM in Nouioui's study), arylsulfatase (3 and 14 days), catalase, thermo-stable
catalase and Tween 80 hydrolysis.
Can utilize erythritol, L-arabinose, D- and L-arabitol, ribose (weak), D-xylose, fructose, glucose (weak), gluconate, inositol, mannose,
N-acetylglucosamine (weak), arbutin (weak), sucrose, trehalose, xylitol, threonine, leucine, isoleucine, valine, ethanol, n-propanol,
butanol, isobutanol m-inositol, propylene glycol, 2,3-butylene glycol, lysine, proline, gamma-aminovalerate, ethanolamine, putrescine,
spermine, betaine, acetamide and hexadecane.
Negative results for beta-galactosidase, nitrate reductase, tellurite reduction and urease.
No utilization of glycerol, amygdalin, esculin, beta-methyl-D-xyloside, sorbose, dulcitol, alpha-methyl-D-mannoside,
alpha-methyl-D-glucoside, maltose, lactose, melibiose, inulin, melezitose, raffinose, starch, glycogen, gentiobiose, D-turanose,
D-lyxose, D-tagatose, D-fucose, L-fucose, L-xylose, D-arabinose, maltose, lactose, alpha-methyl-D-glucoside, starch, 2- or
5-ketogluconate, glucuronate, saccharate, mucate, valerate, caproate, heptanoate, caprylate, caprate, malonate, maleate, adipate,
pimelate, D- and L-tartrate, glycolate, glycerate, citrate, aconitate, itaconate, geraniol, D-mandelate, L-mandelate, benzoate,
2-hydroxybenzoate, 3-hydroxybenzoate, 2-hydroxybenzoate, 2-aminobenzoate, 3-aminobenzoate, 4-aminobenzoate, phthalate,
naphthalene, o-toluate, m-toluate, p-toluate, vanillate, isovanillate, m-anisate, p-anisate, phenylacetate, o-hydrowhenylacetate,
3,4-dimethoxybenzoate, p-hydroxyphenylacetate, p-cresol, toluene, p-alanine, methionine, glutamine, tyrosine, phenylalanine,
tryptophan, alpha-aminobutyrate, gamma-aminocaproate, alpha-amylamine, benzylamine, histamine, tryptamine, creatine,
pantothenate, trigonelline, nicotinate, and phenol (0.1 %) .
Variable utilization of D-ribose, L-rhamnose, galactose, cellobiose, sucrose, salicin, isopropanol, mannitol, sorbitol, adonitol,
ethylene glycol, phenol (0.05%), protocatechuate, quinate, glycine, L- alanine, serine aspartate, glutamate, arginine, histidine,
norleucine, alpha-aminovalerate, butylamine, sarcosine, and hippurate.
catalase and Tween 80 hydrolysis.
Can utilize erythritol, L-arabinose, D- and L-arabitol, ribose (weak), D-xylose, fructose, glucose (weak), gluconate, inositol, mannose,
N-acetylglucosamine (weak), arbutin (weak), sucrose, trehalose, xylitol, threonine, leucine, isoleucine, valine, ethanol, n-propanol,
butanol, isobutanol m-inositol, propylene glycol, 2,3-butylene glycol, lysine, proline, gamma-aminovalerate, ethanolamine, putrescine,
spermine, betaine, acetamide and hexadecane.
Negative results for beta-galactosidase, nitrate reductase, tellurite reduction and urease.
No utilization of glycerol, amygdalin, esculin, beta-methyl-D-xyloside, sorbose, dulcitol, alpha-methyl-D-mannoside,
alpha-methyl-D-glucoside, maltose, lactose, melibiose, inulin, melezitose, raffinose, starch, glycogen, gentiobiose, D-turanose,
D-lyxose, D-tagatose, D-fucose, L-fucose, L-xylose, D-arabinose, maltose, lactose, alpha-methyl-D-glucoside, starch, 2- or
5-ketogluconate, glucuronate, saccharate, mucate, valerate, caproate, heptanoate, caprylate, caprate, malonate, maleate, adipate,
pimelate, D- and L-tartrate, glycolate, glycerate, citrate, aconitate, itaconate, geraniol, D-mandelate, L-mandelate, benzoate,
2-hydroxybenzoate, 3-hydroxybenzoate, 2-hydroxybenzoate, 2-aminobenzoate, 3-aminobenzoate, 4-aminobenzoate, phthalate,
naphthalene, o-toluate, m-toluate, p-toluate, vanillate, isovanillate, m-anisate, p-anisate, phenylacetate, o-hydrowhenylacetate,
3,4-dimethoxybenzoate, p-hydroxyphenylacetate, p-cresol, toluene, p-alanine, methionine, glutamine, tyrosine, phenylalanine,
tryptophan, alpha-aminobutyrate, gamma-aminocaproate, alpha-amylamine, benzylamine, histamine, tryptamine, creatine,
pantothenate, trigonelline, nicotinate, and phenol (0.1 %) .
Variable utilization of D-ribose, L-rhamnose, galactose, cellobiose, sucrose, salicin, isopropanol, mannitol, sorbitol, adonitol,
ethylene glycol, phenol (0.05%), protocatechuate, quinate, glycine, L- alanine, serine aspartate, glutamate, arginine, histidine,
norleucine, alpha-aminovalerate, butylamine, sarcosine, and hippurate.
(c) Costin Stoica
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