| Brochothrix thermosphacta |
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Firmicutes, Class Bacilli, Order Bacillales, Family Listeriaceae, Genus Brochothrix, Brochothrix thermosphacta (McLean and
Sulzbacher 1953) Sneath and Jones 1976.
Historical synonim: Microbacterium thermosphactum McLean and Sulzbacher 1953.
Sulzbacher 1953) Sneath and Jones 1976.
Historical synonim: Microbacterium thermosphactum McLean and Sulzbacher 1953.
Gram-positive rods, 0.6-0.75 x 1-2 µm, with long chains, loops and knots. Some cells
lose the ability to retain the Gram stain. In older cultures the rods may give rise to
coccoid forms. Nonspore-forming. Capsule is not formed. Nonmotile.
lose the ability to retain the Gram stain. In older cultures the rods may give rise to
coccoid forms. Nonspore-forming. Capsule is not formed. Nonmotile.
Can produce two colonis types: convex, smooth, with entire edge and flatter, rough
and with irregular edges. Colony size is increased if glucose is included in the
medium and the culture has a sour odor due to the production of lactic acid, acetoin,
acetic acid and other fatty acid. Aerobic and facultatively anaerobic. Nonhemolytic.
CAMP-test negative both with Rhodococcus equi and Staphylococcus aureus. No
growth 37 ºC. Grow at 4 -30 ºC, variable growth at 35 ºC. Grow at/on: 0.05 %
potassium tellurite, 0.01% tetrazolium (most strains), 0.1% sodium nitrite, 6% NaCl
medium and 8% NaCl medium in 2 days.
Variable growth in 10% NaCl medium. Weak growth on MRS medium and no growt
on acetate medium. Range of pH is 5.0-9.0, optimum 7.0.
and with irregular edges. Colony size is increased if glucose is included in the
medium and the culture has a sour odor due to the production of lactic acid, acetoin,
acetic acid and other fatty acid. Aerobic and facultatively anaerobic. Nonhemolytic.
CAMP-test negative both with Rhodococcus equi and Staphylococcus aureus. No
growth 37 ºC. Grow at 4 -30 ºC, variable growth at 35 ºC. Grow at/on: 0.05 %
potassium tellurite, 0.01% tetrazolium (most strains), 0.1% sodium nitrite, 6% NaCl
medium and 8% NaCl medium in 2 days.
Variable growth in 10% NaCl medium. Weak growth on MRS medium and no growt
on acetate medium. Range of pH is 5.0-9.0, optimum 7.0.
Isolated from foods products (especially meats, including fish) stored aerobically or vaccum-packed at chill temperatures, sheep
wool and feces, soil and grass. Does not survive 5 minutes at 63 ºC. Often resistant to furadoine. Resistant to nalidixic acid and
streptomycin. Sensitive to gentamicin, polymyxin B, erythromycin, novobiocin, and ampicillin.
Bacteriophages have been isolated from aqueous extracts of spoiled beef; fourteen phage lysotypes were detected.
wool and feces, soil and grass. Does not survive 5 minutes at 63 ºC. Often resistant to furadoine. Resistant to nalidixic acid and
streptomycin. Sensitive to gentamicin, polymyxin B, erythromycin, novobiocin, and ampicillin.
Bacteriophages have been isolated from aqueous extracts of spoiled beef; fourteen phage lysotypes were detected.
There is no evidence for pathogenicity. It is an economically important meat-spoilage organism and produces malodorous metabolic
end products which make affected meat unpalatable.
end products which make affected meat unpalatable.
- Sneath P.H.A., 2009. Genus II. Brochothrix Sneath and Jones 1976. In: (Eds.) P.D. Vos, G. Garrity, D. Jones, N.R. Krieg, W. Ludwig,
F.A. Rainey, K.-H. Schleifer, W.B. Whitman. Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Volume 3: The Firmicutes, Springer, 257-
262.
Positive results for catalase (when cultured on a suitable medium: APT medium-Difco, BAB No. 2 Difco, at 20 ºC), esculin hydrolysis,
glutamate arylamidase, glycyl-phenylalanine arylamidase, histidyl-L-phenylalanine arylamidase, histidine arylamidase, methyl-red,
nitrates reduction to nitrites, phenylalanine arylamidase, phosphatase, seryl-tyrosine arylamidase, tryptophan arylamidase,
Voges-Proskauer reaction, acid production from: N-acetylglucosamine, adonitol (weak), amygdalin, cellobiose, dextrin, dulcitol,
fructose, galactose, gentibose, glucose, glycerol, lactose, maltose, mannose, melibiose (weak), raffinose, ribose, salicin, trehalose &
xylose.
Negative results for arginine hydrolysis, cellulose hydrolysis, citrate utilization, deoxyribonuclease, gelatin hydrolysis, H2S production,
indole production, lecithinase, oxidase, ribonuclease, Tweens 20, 40 and 80 hydrolysis, urea hydrolysis, acid production from:
erythritol, methyl alpha-D-glucoside & sorbose.
Variable results for casein hydrolysis, Tween 60 hydrolysis, acid production from: arabinose, inulin, melezitose & sorbitol.
glutamate arylamidase, glycyl-phenylalanine arylamidase, histidyl-L-phenylalanine arylamidase, histidine arylamidase, methyl-red,
nitrates reduction to nitrites, phenylalanine arylamidase, phosphatase, seryl-tyrosine arylamidase, tryptophan arylamidase,
Voges-Proskauer reaction, acid production from: N-acetylglucosamine, adonitol (weak), amygdalin, cellobiose, dextrin, dulcitol,
fructose, galactose, gentibose, glucose, glycerol, lactose, maltose, mannose, melibiose (weak), raffinose, ribose, salicin, trehalose &
xylose.
Negative results for arginine hydrolysis, cellulose hydrolysis, citrate utilization, deoxyribonuclease, gelatin hydrolysis, H2S production,
indole production, lecithinase, oxidase, ribonuclease, Tweens 20, 40 and 80 hydrolysis, urea hydrolysis, acid production from:
erythritol, methyl alpha-D-glucoside & sorbose.
Variable results for casein hydrolysis, Tween 60 hydrolysis, acid production from: arabinose, inulin, melezitose & sorbitol.
(c) Costin Stoica
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Differential characters of Brochothrix species:
Legend: + positive 90-100%, - negative 90-100%, [+] positive 75-89%, [-] negative 75-89%, d positive 25-74%
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