| Listeria ivanovii |
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Firmicutes, Class Bacilli, Order Bacillales, Family Listeriaceae, Genus Listeria, Listeria ivanovii Seeliger, Rocourt,
Schrettenbrunner, Grimont and Jones 1984; two subspecies:
- L. ivanovii subsp. ivanovii (Seeliger et al. 1984) Boerlin, Rocourt, Grimont, Jacquet and Piffaretti 1992;
- L. ivanovii subsp. londoniensis Boerlin, Rocourt, Grimont, Jacquet and Piffaretti 1992.
Historical synonyms: Listeria bulgarica Ivanov 1975, Listeria monocytogenes subsp. perhaemolytica Seeliger et al.1982, Listeria
perhaemolytica Seeliger et al. 1982, Listeria ivanovii Seeliger et al. 1982, Listeria monocytogenes serovar 5.
Schrettenbrunner, Grimont and Jones 1984; two subspecies:
- L. ivanovii subsp. ivanovii (Seeliger et al. 1984) Boerlin, Rocourt, Grimont, Jacquet and Piffaretti 1992;
- L. ivanovii subsp. londoniensis Boerlin, Rocourt, Grimont, Jacquet and Piffaretti 1992.
Historical synonyms: Listeria bulgarica Ivanov 1975, Listeria monocytogenes subsp. perhaemolytica Seeliger et al.1982, Listeria
perhaemolytica Seeliger et al. 1982, Listeria ivanovii Seeliger et al. 1982, Listeria monocytogenes serovar 5.
Gram-positive (sometimes Gram-negative, especially in older cultures) short rods or
coccobacilli, 0.4-0.5 x 1-3 µm, with rounded ends. Coccoid forms are sometimes
seen in smears from liquid cultures. Nonspore-forming, noncapsulated, motile with
2-6 peritrichous flagella when cultured between 20 and 30 ºC. Expression of the
structural gene for the flagellin protein (flaA) has been shown to be temperature
regulated and repressed at 37 ºC. High-level expression is seen at 25 ºC,
corresponding to the temperature at which tumbling motility is observed. Even in the
absence of active motility, strong induction of flagella biosynthesis occurs below 20
ºC and flagellae have a role in attachment to solid surfaces.
coccobacilli, 0.4-0.5 x 1-3 µm, with rounded ends. Coccoid forms are sometimes
seen in smears from liquid cultures. Nonspore-forming, noncapsulated, motile with
2-6 peritrichous flagella when cultured between 20 and 30 ºC. Expression of the
structural gene for the flagellin protein (flaA) has been shown to be temperature
regulated and repressed at 37 ºC. High-level expression is seen at 25 ºC,
corresponding to the temperature at which tumbling motility is observed. Even in the
absence of active motility, strong induction of flagella biosynthesis occurs below 20
ºC and flagellae have a role in attachment to solid surfaces.
Grow well on blood agar base, nutrient, tryptose, tryptose soy or brain heart infusion
agars; growth is enhanced by the addition of 0.2–1% (w/v) glucose, blood or serum.
Colonies on tryptose agar are very small (0.5 to 1 mm in diameter after 1 or 2 days of incubation at 37 ºC), regular, and smooth and
appear blue green when they are viewed by obliquely transmitted light. Beta-hemolysis is produced. L. ivanovii produces wider zones
of hemolysis (especially after 36 hours incubation) with sharper edges and may also have double or multiple zones.
CAMP test is positive with Rhodococcus equi and negative with Staphylococcus aureus. Facultatively anaerobic. Grow at/on: pH 5.5-
9.6 (optimum pH 7.2-7.6). Grow in peptone water plus 10% NaCl. Grow on 40% bile agar. Can grow at 4 ºC in 5 days.
agars; growth is enhanced by the addition of 0.2–1% (w/v) glucose, blood or serum.
Colonies on tryptose agar are very small (0.5 to 1 mm in diameter after 1 or 2 days of incubation at 37 ºC), regular, and smooth and
appear blue green when they are viewed by obliquely transmitted light. Beta-hemolysis is produced. L. ivanovii produces wider zones
of hemolysis (especially after 36 hours incubation) with sharper edges and may also have double or multiple zones.
CAMP test is positive with Rhodococcus equi and negative with Staphylococcus aureus. Facultatively anaerobic. Grow at/on: pH 5.5-
9.6 (optimum pH 7.2-7.6). Grow in peptone water plus 10% NaCl. Grow on 40% bile agar. Can grow at 4 ºC in 5 days.
Widely distributed in nature, found in soil, mud, sewage, vegetation, and in the feces
of animals and man.
Multiply rapidly in milk. Grow in the presence of 10 µg/ml trypaflavine, 0.025% (w/v)
thallous acetate; 3.75% (w/v) potassium thiocyanate or 0.04% (w/v) potassium
tellurite. No growth in the presence of 0.02% (w/v) sodium azide.
Is usually sensitive to amikacin, amoxycillin, ampicillin, azlocillin, ciprofloxacin,
chloramphenicol, clindamycin coumermycin, doxycycline, enoxacin, erythromycin,
gentamicin, imipen, netilmicin, penicillin, rifampin, trimethoprim, and vancomycin.
Resistant to the cephalosporins, phosphomycin, and polymyxin.
of animals and man.
Multiply rapidly in milk. Grow in the presence of 10 µg/ml trypaflavine, 0.025% (w/v)
thallous acetate; 3.75% (w/v) potassium thiocyanate or 0.04% (w/v) potassium
tellurite. No growth in the presence of 0.02% (w/v) sodium azide.
Is usually sensitive to amikacin, amoxycillin, ampicillin, azlocillin, ciprofloxacin,
chloramphenicol, clindamycin coumermycin, doxycycline, enoxacin, erythromycin,
gentamicin, imipen, netilmicin, penicillin, rifampin, trimethoprim, and vancomycin.
Resistant to the cephalosporins, phosphomycin, and polymyxin.
Pathogenic for animals, especially for pregnant sheep (causative agent of abortion, mainly in sheep). Pathogenic for mice.
Cell surface and secreted proteins occur, some of which are involved with the virulence. The production of many of the surface -
associated virulence genes is temperature-dependent and these are expressed above 30°C. Show properties of invasion and of
bacterial growth in host tissues, survival in the liver and spleen or the death of the experimental animal.
Cell surface and secreted proteins occur, some of which are involved with the virulence. The production of many of the surface -
associated virulence genes is temperature-dependent and these are expressed above 30°C. Show properties of invasion and of
bacterial growth in host tissues, survival in the liver and spleen or the death of the experimental animal.
- Hammes W.P. and Hertel C., 2009. Genus I. Listeria Pirie 1940. In: (Eds.) P.D. Vos, G. Garrity, D. Jones, N.R. Krieg, W. Ludwig, F.
A. Rainey, K.-H. Schleifer, W.B. Whitman. Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Volume 3: The Firmicutes, Springer, 244-
257. - McLauchlin J., 2005. Listeria. In: Topley & Wilson’s Microbiology & Microbial Infections, 10th Edition, Edited by Borriello S.P.,
Murray P.R. and Funke G., 953-969. - Khelef N., Lecuit M., Buchrieser C., Cabanes D., Dussurget O. and Cossart P., 2006. Listeria monocytogenes and the genus
Listeria. In: Dworkin M., Falkow S., Rosenberg E., Schleifer K.H., Stackebrandt (Editors), The Prokaryotes, A Handbook on the
Biology of Bacteria, Third Edition, Volume 4, Bacteria: Firmicutes, Cyanobacteria, Springer, Chapter 1.2.11, 404-476. - Seeliger H.P.R., Rocourt J., Schrettenbrunner A., Grimont P.A.D. and Jones D., 1984. Listeria ivanovii sp. nov. IJSB Vol. 34, No. 3,
p. 336-337. - Boerlin P., Rocourt J., Grimont F., Grimont P.A.D., Jacquet C. and Piffaretti J.C., 1992. Listeria ivanovii subsp. londoniensis subsp.
nova. IJSB Vol. 42, No. 1, p. 69-73. - Den Bakker, H. C., Warchocki, S., Wright, E. M., Allred, A. F., Ahlstrom, C., Manuel, C. S., Stasiewicz, M. J., Burrell, A., Roof, S.,
Strawn, L. K., Fortes, E., Nightingale, K. K., Kephart, D. and Wiedmann, M. 2014. Listeria floridensis sp. nov., Listeria aquatica sp.
nov., Listeria cornellensis sp. nov., Listeria riparia sp. nov. and Listeria grandensis sp. nov., from agricultural and natural
environments. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 64, 1882-1889.
hippurate hydrolysis, lecithinase, methyl-red, phosphoamidase, Voges-Proskauer, amino acid peptidase: D-alanine & lysine; acid
production from: esculin, D-glucose, glucose 1-phosphate, glycerol, 5-ketogluconate, lactose, methyl alpha-D-glucoside, trehalose,
turanose, salicin, xylitol & D-xylose.
Negative results for casein hydrolysis, cellulose hydrolysis, cystine arylamidase, citrate utilization, indole production, gelatin
hydrolysis, H2S production, nitrates reduction to nitrites, urea hydrolysis , oxidase, amino acid peptidase: ornithine, glutamic acid &
arginine; acid production from: L-arabinose, dextrin, gluconate, glycogen, D-lyxose, D-mannitol, melibiose, methyl alpha-D-
mannoside, rhamnose, sorbitol, soluble starch & tagatose.
Variable results for chymotrypsin, N-acetyl-beta-glucosamidase, leucine esterase, starch hydrolysis, tween 80 esterase, acid
production from: galactose, melezitose & sucrose.
L. ivanovii subsp. ivanovii can be differentiated from L. ivanovii subsp. londoniensis by the positive ribose fermentation and negative
N-acetyl beta-D-mannosamine fermentation.
production from: esculin, D-glucose, glucose 1-phosphate, glycerol, 5-ketogluconate, lactose, methyl alpha-D-glucoside, trehalose,
turanose, salicin, xylitol & D-xylose.
Negative results for casein hydrolysis, cellulose hydrolysis, cystine arylamidase, citrate utilization, indole production, gelatin
hydrolysis, H2S production, nitrates reduction to nitrites, urea hydrolysis , oxidase, amino acid peptidase: ornithine, glutamic acid &
arginine; acid production from: L-arabinose, dextrin, gluconate, glycogen, D-lyxose, D-mannitol, melibiose, methyl alpha-D-
mannoside, rhamnose, sorbitol, soluble starch & tagatose.
Variable results for chymotrypsin, N-acetyl-beta-glucosamidase, leucine esterase, starch hydrolysis, tween 80 esterase, acid
production from: galactose, melezitose & sucrose.
L. ivanovii subsp. ivanovii can be differentiated from L. ivanovii subsp. londoniensis by the positive ribose fermentation and negative
N-acetyl beta-D-mannosamine fermentation.
(c) Costin Stoica
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