| Listeria grayi |
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Firmicutes, Class Bacilli, Order Bacillales, Family Listeriaceae, Genus Listeria, Listeria grayi Errebo Larsen and Seeliger
1966, emended Rocourt, Boerlin, Grimont, Jacquet and Piffaretti 1992.
Two subspecies: L. grayi subsp. grayi and L. grayi subsp. murrayi (previously named L. murrayi Welshimer and Meredith 1971)
1966, emended Rocourt, Boerlin, Grimont, Jacquet and Piffaretti 1992.
Two subspecies: L. grayi subsp. grayi and L. grayi subsp. murrayi (previously named L. murrayi Welshimer and Meredith 1971)
Gram-positive short rods or coccobacilli, 0.4-0.5 x 0.5-2 µm, with rounded ends. Coccoid forms are sometimes seen in smears from
liquid cultures. Usually occur singly or in short chains, palisades or diplo. Nonspore-forming. Motile by 2-6 peritrichous flagella when
cultured at 20-30 ºC. Expression of the structural gene for the flagellin protein (flaA) has been shown to be temperature regulated and
repressed at 37 ºC. High-level expression is seen at 25 ºC, corresponding to the temperature at which tumbling motility is observed.
Have 4 somatic (O factor) antigens and 3 flagella (H factor) antigens.
liquid cultures. Usually occur singly or in short chains, palisades or diplo. Nonspore-forming. Motile by 2-6 peritrichous flagella when
cultured at 20-30 ºC. Expression of the structural gene for the flagellin protein (flaA) has been shown to be temperature regulated and
repressed at 37 ºC. High-level expression is seen at 25 ºC, corresponding to the temperature at which tumbling motility is observed.
Have 4 somatic (O factor) antigens and 3 flagella (H factor) antigens.
Grows well on blood agar base, nutrient, tryptose, and tryptose soy or brain heart
infusion agars; growth is enhanced by the addition of 0.2-1% (w/v) glucose, blood or
serum. On nutrient agar small (0.75 mm in diameter), translucent, grayish colonies
are produced.
In semi-solid agar stab culture, formation of an umbrella-like zone of maximum
growth occurs 3-5 mm below the surface. Beta-hemolysis is not produced. CAMP test
is negative both with Rhodococcus equi and Staphylococcus aureus. Facultatively
anaerobic.
Grow at/on: pH 5.5-9.0. Temperature range 22-37 ºC L. grayi subsp. grayi, and 4-45
ºC L. grayi subsp. murrayi. Grow in peptone water plus 10% NaCl.
infusion agars; growth is enhanced by the addition of 0.2-1% (w/v) glucose, blood or
serum. On nutrient agar small (0.75 mm in diameter), translucent, grayish colonies
are produced.
In semi-solid agar stab culture, formation of an umbrella-like zone of maximum
growth occurs 3-5 mm below the surface. Beta-hemolysis is not produced. CAMP test
is negative both with Rhodococcus equi and Staphylococcus aureus. Facultatively
anaerobic.
Grow at/on: pH 5.5-9.0. Temperature range 22-37 ºC L. grayi subsp. grayi, and 4-45
ºC L. grayi subsp. murrayi. Grow in peptone water plus 10% NaCl.
Widely distributed in nature, found in soil, mud, sewage, vegetation, and in the feces
of animals and man.
Grow in the presence of 0.025% (w/v) thallous acetate; 3.75% (w/v) potassium
thiocyanate; 0.04% (w/v) potassium tellurite. Not grow In the presence of 0.02% (w/v)
sodium azide or in the presence of 10 µg/ml tripaflavine.
It's usually sensitive to amikacin, amoxycillin, ampicillin, azlocillin, ciprofloxacin,
chloramphenicol, clindamycin, coumermycin, doxycycline, enoxacin, erythromycin,
gentamicin, imipen, netilmicin, penicillin, rifampin, trimethoprim, and vancomycin.
Resistant to the cephalosporins, phosphomycin, and polymyxin.
of animals and man.
Grow in the presence of 0.025% (w/v) thallous acetate; 3.75% (w/v) potassium
thiocyanate; 0.04% (w/v) potassium tellurite. Not grow In the presence of 0.02% (w/v)
sodium azide or in the presence of 10 µg/ml tripaflavine.
It's usually sensitive to amikacin, amoxycillin, ampicillin, azlocillin, ciprofloxacin,
chloramphenicol, clindamycin, coumermycin, doxycycline, enoxacin, erythromycin,
gentamicin, imipen, netilmicin, penicillin, rifampin, trimethoprim, and vancomycin.
Resistant to the cephalosporins, phosphomycin, and polymyxin.
Not pathogenic for animals and man. Pathogenicity for mice is negative.
- Hammes W.P. and Hertel C., 2009. Genus I. Listeria Pirie 1940. In: (Eds.) P.D. Vos, G. Garrity, D. Jones, N.R. Krieg, W. Ludwig, F.
A. Rainey, K.-H. Schleifer, W.B. Whitman. Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Volume 3: The Firmicutes, Springer, 244-
257. - McLauchlin J., 2005. Listeria. In: Topley & Wilson’s Microbiology & Microbial Infections, 10th Edition, Edited by Borriello S.P.,
Murray P.R. and Funke G., 953-969. - Khelef N., Lecuit M., Buchrieser C., Cabanes D., Dussurget O. and Cossart P., 2006. Listeria monocytogenes and the genus
Listeria. In: Dworkin M., Falkow S., Rosenberg E., Schleifer K.H., Stackebrandt (Editors), The Prokaryotes, A Handbook on the
Biology of Bacteria, Third Edition, Volume 4, Bacteria: Firmicutes, Cyanobacteria, Springer, Chapter 1.2.11, 404-476. - Seeliger H.P.R. and Welshimer H.J., 1974. Genus Listeria Pirie 1940. In: Buchanan R.E. and Gibbons N.E. (Editors), Bergey’s
Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, Eight Edition, The Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore, 593-596. - Rocourt J., Boerlin P., Grimont F., Jacquet C. and Piffaretti J.C., 1992. Assignment of Listeria grayi and Listeria murrayi to a single
species, Listeria grayi, with a revised description of Listeria grayi. IJSB vol. 42, no. 1, 171-174. - Den Bakker, H. C., Warchocki, S., Wright, E. M., Allred, A. F., Ahlstrom, C., Manuel, C. S., Stasiewicz, M. J., Burrell, A., Roof, S.,
Strawn, L. K., Fortes, E., Nightingale, K. K., Kephart, D. and Wiedmann, M. 2014. Listeria floridensis sp. nov., Listeria aquatica sp.
nov., Listeria cornellensis sp. nov., Listeria riparia sp. nov. and Listeria grandensis sp. nov., from agricultural and natural
environments. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 64, 1882-1889.
Positive results for arylesterase activity, catalase, chymotrypsin, cystine arylamidase, esculin hydrolysis, alpha-glucosidase,
methyl-red, beta-glucosidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosamidase, starch hydrolysis, leucine esterase, Voges-Proskauer, amino acid
peptidase: D-alanine & lysine; acid production from: dextrin, esculin, galactose, D-glucose, glycerol, 5-ketogluconate, lactose,
D-mannitol, methyl alpha-D-mannoside, ribose, trehalose & salicin.
Negative results for acid phosphatase, casein hydrolysis, cellulose hydrolysis, citrate utilization, H2S production, indole production,
gelatin hydrolysis, hippurate hydrolysis, lecithinase, oxidase, phosphoamidase, urea hydrolysis, amino acid peptidase: ornithine,
glutamic acid & arginine; acid production from: L-arabinose, glucose 1-phosphate, glycogen, melezitose, sorbitol, sucrose, soluble
starch, tagatose & D-xylose.
Variable results for acid production from: gluconate, melibiose & xylitol.
methyl-red, beta-glucosidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosamidase, starch hydrolysis, leucine esterase, Voges-Proskauer, amino acid
peptidase: D-alanine & lysine; acid production from: dextrin, esculin, galactose, D-glucose, glycerol, 5-ketogluconate, lactose,
D-mannitol, methyl alpha-D-mannoside, ribose, trehalose & salicin.
Negative results for acid phosphatase, casein hydrolysis, cellulose hydrolysis, citrate utilization, H2S production, indole production,
gelatin hydrolysis, hippurate hydrolysis, lecithinase, oxidase, phosphoamidase, urea hydrolysis, amino acid peptidase: ornithine,
glutamic acid & arginine; acid production from: L-arabinose, glucose 1-phosphate, glycogen, melezitose, sorbitol, sucrose, soluble
starch, tagatose & D-xylose.
Variable results for acid production from: gluconate, melibiose & xylitol.
(c) Costin Stoica
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Differential characters of Listeria grayi subspecies:
Legend: + positive 90-100%, - negative 90-100%, [+] positive 75-89%, [-] negative 75-89%, d positive 25-74% of strains
