| L. casei gas production by gluconate fermentation (47) |
| Lactobacillus casei Gram-stained cells |
| L. casei colonies on MRS agar after 48h at 37 ºC |
Homotypic synonym: Lacticaseibacillus casei (Orla-Jensen 1916) Zheng et al. 2020.
Historical synonyms: Streptobacterium casei Orla-Jensen 1919, Bacillus alpha von
Freudenreich 1890, Bacillus alpha von Freudenreich 1891, Bacillus casei alpha von
Freudenreich and Thöni 1904, Caseobacterium vulgare Orla-Jensen 1916,
Bacterium casei alpha Orla-Jensen 1916, Lactobacillus casei Bergey et al. 1923,
Lactobacterium casei (Orla-Jensen 1916) Krasil'nikov 1949.
Historical synonyms: Streptobacterium casei Orla-Jensen 1919, Bacillus alpha von
Freudenreich 1890, Bacillus alpha von Freudenreich 1891, Bacillus casei alpha von
Freudenreich and Thöni 1904, Caseobacterium vulgare Orla-Jensen 1916,
Bacterium casei alpha Orla-Jensen 1916, Lactobacillus casei Bergey et al. 1923,
Lactobacterium casei (Orla-Jensen 1916) Krasil'nikov 1949.
| Lactobacillus (Lacticaseibacillus) casei |
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Bacillota (Firmicutes), Class Bacilli, Order Lactobacillales, Family Lactobacillaceae, Genus Lactobacillus [Group B lactobacilli
(facultatively heterofermentative), unique phylogenetic-group], Lactobacillus casei (Orla-Jensen 1916) Hansen and Lessel 1971.
(facultatively heterofermentative), unique phylogenetic-group], Lactobacillus casei (Orla-Jensen 1916) Hansen and Lessel 1971.
Gram-positive, short or long rods (0.7-1.1 x 2.0-4.0 μm) often with square ends and
tending to form chains. Nonmotile. Nonspore-forming.
tending to form chains. Nonmotile. Nonspore-forming.
Plate deep colonies are smooth, lens or diamond-shaped, white to very light yellow.
Grows in broth even heavy turbidity. Optimum growth temperature 10-40 ºC. Variable
growth at 45 ºC. Grows at pH 4.0-8.5. No growth in 8.0% NaCl.
Growth factor requirements: riboflavin, folic acid, calcium pantothenate, and niacin are
essential; pyridoxal or pyridoxamine is essential or stimulatory.
Grows in broth even heavy turbidity. Optimum growth temperature 10-40 ºC. Variable
growth at 45 ºC. Grows at pH 4.0-8.5. No growth in 8.0% NaCl.
Growth factor requirements: riboflavin, folic acid, calcium pantothenate, and niacin are
essential; pyridoxal or pyridoxamine is essential or stimulatory.
Isolated from milk, cheese, and intestinal tract (human). Lactobacillus casei has
been identified as causatives of ropy appearance in cooked marinades.
been identified as causatives of ropy appearance in cooked marinades.
Undetermined.
- Hammes W.P. and Hertel C., 2009. Genus I. Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901. In: (Eds.) P.D. Vos, G. Garrity, D. Jones, N.R. Krieg, W.
Ludwig, F.A. Rainey, K.-H. Schleifer, W.B. Whitman. Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Volume 3: The Firmicutes,
Springer, 465-511. - Rogosa M., 1974. Genus I. Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901. In: (Eds.) Buchanan R.E. and Gibbons N.E., Bergey’s Manual of
Determinative Bacteriology, Eighth Edition , The Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore, 576-593. - Hansen P.A. and Lessel E.F., 1971. Lactobacillus casei (Orla-Jensen) comb. nov. IJSB vol. 21, No.1, 69-71.
- Zheng J, Wittouck S, Salvetti E, Franz MAP et al., 2020. A taxonomic note on the genus Lactobacillus: Description of 23 novel
genera, emended description of the genus Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901, and union of Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae.
Int J Syst Microbiol. 70, 2782-2858. - Huang CH, Liou JS, Lee AY, Tseng M, Miyashita M, Huang L and Watanabe K, 2018. Polyphasic characterization of a novel
species in the Lactobacillus casei group from cow manure of Taiwan: Description of L. chiayiensis sp. nov. Syst Appl Microbiol 41
(4), 270-278. - Goodfellow, M., T.M. Embley and B. Austin. 1985. Numerical taxonomy and emended description of Renibacterium salmoninarum.
J. Gen. Microbiol. 131: 2739-2752.
Facultatively heterofermentative (hexoses are fermented almost exclusively to lactic
acid by the Embden-Meyerhof pathway or, at least by some species, to lactic acid,
acetic acid, ethanol, and formic acid under glucose limitations; pentoses are
fermented to lactic acid and acetic acid via an inducible phosphoketolase).
Positive results for acid phosphatase, DNase, esterase C4 and C8,
beta-galactosidase, valine arylamidase, fermentation of: amygdalin, cellobiose,
esculin, fructose, galactose, glucose (without gas production), gluconate (with gas
production), lactose, mannitol, mannose, melezitose, salicin, sucrose, turanose, and
trehalose.
Negative results for arginine hydrolysis, alkaline phosphatase, catalase, cystine
arylamidase, casein hydrolysis, chitin hydrolysis, alpha-fucosidase,
beta-glucuronidase, alpha-glucosidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, nitrate
reduction, oxidase, starch hydrolysis, Tween 20, 40, 60 and 80 hydrolysis, tyrosine,
trypsin, chymotrypsin, fermentation of: arabinose, D-adonitol, D-arabitol, erythritol,
D-fucose, glycerol, glycogen, 2- and 5-ketogluconate, inulin, D-lyxose, melibiose,
raffinose, rhamnose, L-sorbose, starch, xylose, xylitol, methyl
alpha-D-glucopyranoside, and methyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside, and methyl
beta-D-xylopyranoside.
Variable results for alpha-galactosidase, beta-glucosidase, fermentation of maltose,
ribose, and sorbitol.
acid by the Embden-Meyerhof pathway or, at least by some species, to lactic acid,
acetic acid, ethanol, and formic acid under glucose limitations; pentoses are
fermented to lactic acid and acetic acid via an inducible phosphoketolase).
Positive results for acid phosphatase, DNase, esterase C4 and C8,
beta-galactosidase, valine arylamidase, fermentation of: amygdalin, cellobiose,
esculin, fructose, galactose, glucose (without gas production), gluconate (with gas
production), lactose, mannitol, mannose, melezitose, salicin, sucrose, turanose, and
trehalose.
Negative results for arginine hydrolysis, alkaline phosphatase, catalase, cystine
arylamidase, casein hydrolysis, chitin hydrolysis, alpha-fucosidase,
beta-glucuronidase, alpha-glucosidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, nitrate
reduction, oxidase, starch hydrolysis, Tween 20, 40, 60 and 80 hydrolysis, tyrosine,
trypsin, chymotrypsin, fermentation of: arabinose, D-adonitol, D-arabitol, erythritol,
D-fucose, glycerol, glycogen, 2- and 5-ketogluconate, inulin, D-lyxose, melibiose,
raffinose, rhamnose, L-sorbose, starch, xylose, xylitol, methyl
alpha-D-glucopyranoside, and methyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside, and methyl
beta-D-xylopyranoside.
Variable results for alpha-galactosidase, beta-glucosidase, fermentation of maltose,
ribose, and sorbitol.
(c) Costin Stoica
| Antibiogram |
| Encyclopedia |
| Culture media |
| Biochemical tests |
| Stainings |
| Images |
| Movies |
| Articles |
| Identification |
| Software |
| R E G N U M PROKARYOTAE |
| Back |