Legend: + positive 90-100%, - negative 90-100%, [+] positive 75-89%, [-] negative 75-89%, d positive 25-74%.
In animals can cause tuberculosis-like symptoms (necrosis and granulomas in the
spleen, liver and lymph nodes). In humans causes gastroenteritis with
appendicitis-like symptoms. Foodborne pathogen.
The disease can be reproduced experimentally in guinea pigs challenged per os and
in mice.
spleen, liver and lymph nodes). In humans causes gastroenteritis with
appendicitis-like symptoms. Foodborne pathogen.
The disease can be reproduced experimentally in guinea pigs challenged per os and
in mice.
| Yersinia pseudotuberculosis |
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Proteobacteria, Class Gammaproteobacteria, Order Enterobacterales, Family Yersiniaceae, Genus Yersinia, Yersinia
pseudotuberculosis Smith and Thal 1965,
Old synonyms: Bacillus pseudotuberkulosis Pfeiffer 1889; Pasteurella pseudotuberculosis Topley and Wilson 1929; Bacterium
pseudotuberculosis Migula 1900.
pseudotuberculosis Smith and Thal 1965,
Old synonyms: Bacillus pseudotuberkulosis Pfeiffer 1889; Pasteurella pseudotuberculosis Topley and Wilson 1929; Bacterium
pseudotuberculosis Migula 1900.
Gram-negative, bipolar, 1.0-3.0 x 0.5-0.8 μm rods. Motile in vitro, but non-motile in vivo.
Non-motile at 37 ºC, but motile with 2-15 peritrichous flagella when grown below 30 ºC,
Some freshly isolated strains may require subculturing before expressing motility.
Capsule and spores are not produced.
Non-motile at 37 ºC, but motile with 2-15 peritrichous flagella when grown below 30 ºC,
Some freshly isolated strains may require subculturing before expressing motility.
Capsule and spores are not produced.
Small, gray-white, opaque, irregular colonies, 0.1 to 1.0 mm in diameter after 24
hours incubation. Y. pestis strains do not produce pigment but adsorb large amounts
of exogenous hemin that cause formation of apparently pigmented colonies at 26 ºC
(not at 37 ºC).
Facultatively anaerobic, optimum growth temperature 28 ºC. Grow very slowly at 4 ºC
(1-3 weeks). Media: Nutrient Agar or Nutrient Broth, Trypticase Soy Agar ± 5% sheep
blood. Variable growth on MacConkey agar.
hours incubation. Y. pestis strains do not produce pigment but adsorb large amounts
of exogenous hemin that cause formation of apparently pigmented colonies at 26 ºC
(not at 37 ºC).
Facultatively anaerobic, optimum growth temperature 28 ºC. Grow very slowly at 4 ºC
(1-3 weeks). Media: Nutrient Agar or Nutrient Broth, Trypticase Soy Agar ± 5% sheep
blood. Variable growth on MacConkey agar.
Distributed worldwide. It has been found in numerous animal species, especially
rodents and birds, in soil, and in humans (Wetzler, 1970). In Japan, cats and dogs
have been associated with human cases (Fukushima et al., 1989). Wild animals,
which are often asymptomatic carriers, are considered the reservoir of the bacteria.
Humans and animals are contaminated orally either by direct contact with sick or
asymptomatic animals or through food contaminated by the excretions of these
animals.
Usually susceptible to beta-lactam antibiotics.
rodents and birds, in soil, and in humans (Wetzler, 1970). In Japan, cats and dogs
have been associated with human cases (Fukushima et al., 1989). Wild animals,
which are often asymptomatic carriers, are considered the reservoir of the bacteria.
Humans and animals are contaminated orally either by direct contact with sick or
asymptomatic animals or through food contaminated by the excretions of these
animals.
Usually susceptible to beta-lactam antibiotics.
- J. G. Holt et al., 1994. Facultatively Anaerobic Gram-Negative Rods. Subgroup 1. Family Enterobacteriaceae. In: Begey’s Manual of
Determinative Bacteriology, 9th-edition, Williams & Wilkins, pp 175-189. - Bercovier H., Steigerwalt A.G.) Guiyoule A., Huntley-Carter G. & Brenner D.J.: Yersinia aldovae (formerly Yersinia enterocolitica-like
group X2): a new species of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from aquatic ecosystems. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1984, 34, 166-172. - Sprague L.D. & Neubauer H.: Yersinia aleksiciae sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2005, 55, 831-835.
- Frederiksen W.: A study of some Yersinia pseudotuberculosis-like bacteria (Bacterium enterocoliticum and Pasteurella X).
Proceedings of the XIV Scandinavian Congress of Pathology and Microbiology, Oslo 1964, Norwegian Universities Press, Oslo,
1964, pp. 103-104. - Neubauer H., Aleksic S., Hensel A., Finke E.J. & Meyer H.: Yersinia enterocolitica 16S rRNA gene types belong to the same
genospecies but form three homology groups. Int. J. Med. Microbiol., 2000, 290, 61-64. - Ursing J., Brenner D.J., Bercovier H., Fanning G.R., Steigerwalt A.G., Brault J. & Mollaret H.H.: Yersinia frederiksenii: a new species
of Enterobacteriaceae composed of rhamnose-positive strains (formerly called atypical Yersinia enterocolitica or Yersinia
enterocolitica-like). Curr. Microbiol., 1980, 4, 213-217. - Brenner D.J., Bercovier H., Ursing J., Alonso J.M., Steigerwalt A.G., Fanning G.R., Carter G.P. & Mollaret H.H.: Yersinia intermedia:
a new species of Enterobacteriaceae composed of rhamnose-positive, melibiose-positive, raffinose-positive strains (formerly
called Yersinia enterocolitica or Yersinia enterocolitica-like). Curr. Microbiol., 1980, 4, 207-212. - Wauters G., Janssens M., Steigerwalt A.G. & Brenner D.J.: Yersinia mollaretii sp. nov. and Yersinia bercovieri sp. nov., formerly
called Yersinia enterocolitica biogroups 3A and 3B. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1988, 38, 424-429. - JUDICIAL OPINION 60: Rejection of the name Yersinia pseudotuberculosis subsp. pestis (van Loghem) Bercovier et al. 1981 and
conservation of the name Yersinia pestis (Lehmann and Neumann) van Loghem 1944 for the plague bacillus. Int. J. Syst.
Bacteriol., 1985, 35, 540 - Hollis D.G., Weaver R.E., Steigerwalt A.G., Wenger J.D., Moss C.W. & Brenner D.J.: Francisella philomiragia comb. nov. (formerly
Yersinia philomiragia) and Francisella tularensis biogroup novicida (formerly Francisella novicida) associated with human
disease. J. Clin. Microbiol., 1989, 27, 1601-1608. - Aleksic S., Steigerwalt A.G., Bockemuhl J., Hunrley-Carter G.P. & Brenner D.J.: Yersinia rohdei sp. nov. isolated from human and
dog feces and surface water. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1987, 37, 327-332. - Ewing W.H., Ross A.J., Brenner D.J. & Fanning G.R.: Yersinia ruckeri sp. nov., the redmouth (RM) bacterium. International Journal
of Systematic Bacteriology, 1978, 28, 37-44. - Vicky Merhej, Toïdi Adékambi, Isabelle Pagnier, Didier Raoult, and Michel Drancourt: Yersinia massiliensis sp. nov., isolated from
fresh water. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol April 2008 58:779-784. - Lisa D. Sprague, Holger C. Scholz, Sabine Amann, H.-J. Busse, and Heinrich Neubauer: Yersinia similis sp. nov., Int J Syst Evol
Microbiol April 2008 58:952-958. - Don J. Brenner and J.J. Farmer III, 2001. Family I. Enterobacteriaceae. In: Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Second
edition, Vol two, part B, George M. Garrity (Editor-in-Chief), pp 587-897. - Roberto A. Souza, Deise P. Falcão, Juliana P. Falcão: Emended description of Yersinia massiliensis. International Journal of
Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 61: 1094-1097, 2011. - Adeolu M, Alnajar S, Naushad S, S Gupta R. Genome-based phylogeny and taxonomy of the 'Enterobacteriales': proposal for
Enterobacterales ord. nov. divided into the families Enterobacteriaceae, Erwiniaceae fam. nov., Pectobacteriaceae fam. nov.,
Yersiniaceae fam. nov., Hafniaceae fam. nov., Morganellaceae fam. nov., and Budviciaceae fam. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol
2016; 66:5575-5599.
Some tests results may be negative at 37 ºC; optimum temperature is 28 ºC.
Positive results for catalase, acid production from glucose, D-mannitol, D-mannose
and trehalose.
Negative results for oxidase, arginine dihydrolase, lysine decarboxylase, DN-ase,
H2S production, Voges-Proskauer reaction, phenylalanine deaminase, gelatin
hydrolysis, growth on KCN medium, citrate utilization, malonate utilization, acid
production from: lactose (most of strains), meso-inositol, dulcitol, mucate, erythritol
and adonitol.
Positive results for catalase, acid production from glucose, D-mannitol, D-mannose
and trehalose.
Negative results for oxidase, arginine dihydrolase, lysine decarboxylase, DN-ase,
H2S production, Voges-Proskauer reaction, phenylalanine deaminase, gelatin
hydrolysis, growth on KCN medium, citrate utilization, malonate utilization, acid
production from: lactose (most of strains), meso-inositol, dulcitol, mucate, erythritol
and adonitol.
(c) Costin Stoica
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| Yersinia pseudotuberculosis colonies on Sheep Blood Agar (24h) |
| Gram-stained Yersinia pseudotuberculosis cells |
