| Xenorhabdus indica |
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Proteobacteria, Class Gammaproteobacteria, Order Enterobacteriales, Family Morganellaceae, Genus Xenorhabdus,
Xenorhabdus indica Somvanshi et al. 2009.
Xenorhabdus indica Somvanshi et al. 2009.
Gram-negative rods, 2.5–8.6 x 0.70–1.30 um. Aged rods show pronounced one to two
inclusion bodies.
inclusion bodies.
After 3 days on nutrient agar individual colonies are circular to irregular, 2.5-3 mm
in diameter, with smooth to irregular edges, convex, raised, shiny and opaque with a
brownish pigmented centre. On NBTA the colonies are blue, while red on MacConkey
agar. Phase II variants not observed. In TSB the maximum growth temperature
is 41 ºC, while it is 36 ºC in NB. Complete haemolysis on Columbia-blood agar.
in diameter, with smooth to irregular edges, convex, raised, shiny and opaque with a
brownish pigmented centre. On NBTA the colonies are blue, while red on MacConkey
agar. Phase II variants not observed. In TSB the maximum growth temperature
is 41 ºC, while it is 36 ºC in NB. Complete haemolysis on Columbia-blood agar.
Isolated from the crushed infective juveniles of Steinernema thermophilum collected in soils, New Delhi, India.
Undetermined.
- Somvanshi VS, Lang E, Ganguly S, Swiderski J, Saxena AK, Stackebrandt E. A novel species of Xenorhabdus, family
Enterobacteriaceae: Xenorhabdus indica sp. nov., symbiotically associated with entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema
thermophilum Ganguly and Singh, 2000. Syst Appl Microbiol 2006; 29:519-525. - Tailliez P, Pages S, Ginibre N, Boemare N. New insight into diversity in the genus Xenorhabdus, including the description of ten
novel species. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2006; 56:2805-2818.
Positive results for arginine dihydrolase, DNase, gelatin hydrolysis, indole production, (weak), starch hydrolysis (weak)
acid production from fructose, glucose, glycerol, gluconate (weak), 5-ketogluconate, inositol, mannose, N-acetylglucosamine, and
ribose (weak).
Can utilize (API 20 NE) adipic acid (weak), maltose (weak), gluconate (weak), esculin, malate, fructose and inositol.
Can utilize (Biolog GN) dextrin, alpha-D-glucose, glycerol, DL-alpha-glycerol phosphate, inosine, glucose-6-phosphate, glucose-1-
phosphate, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, D-fructose, D-mannose, p-hydroxy-phenyl acetic acid (weak), D,L-lactic acid (weak), glycyl-L-
aspartic acid (weak), L-histidine (weak), D-trehalose (weak), and methyl pyruvate (weak).
Negative results for catalase, citrate utilization, nitrate reduction, oxidase, phenylalanine deaminase, phosphatase, Tween 60, acid
production from esculin, sorbitol, (other substrates provided by the API 50 CH substrate panel were also negative).
No utilization (API 20 NE) of ribose, citrate and capric acid.
No utilization (Biolog GN) of succinic acid, L-aspartic acid, L-asparagine, L-glutamic acid, glycogen, Tween 40 and 80, m-inositol,
alpha-lactose, maltose, psicose, mono-methyl succinate, acetic acid, cis-aconitic acid, citric acid, D-gluconic acid, alpha-ketoglutaric
acid, bromo-succinic acid, alanin-amide, D- and L-alanine, L-alanyl-glycine, glycyl-L-glutamic acid, L-proline, D- and L-serine, L-
threonine, uridine, thymidine, adonitol, succinic acid, L-aspartic acid, L-asparagine and L-glutamic acid.
Variable results for esculin hydrolysis, lecithinase, acid production from maltose (weak), and trehalose.
acid production from fructose, glucose, glycerol, gluconate (weak), 5-ketogluconate, inositol, mannose, N-acetylglucosamine, and
ribose (weak).
Can utilize (API 20 NE) adipic acid (weak), maltose (weak), gluconate (weak), esculin, malate, fructose and inositol.
Can utilize (Biolog GN) dextrin, alpha-D-glucose, glycerol, DL-alpha-glycerol phosphate, inosine, glucose-6-phosphate, glucose-1-
phosphate, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, D-fructose, D-mannose, p-hydroxy-phenyl acetic acid (weak), D,L-lactic acid (weak), glycyl-L-
aspartic acid (weak), L-histidine (weak), D-trehalose (weak), and methyl pyruvate (weak).
Negative results for catalase, citrate utilization, nitrate reduction, oxidase, phenylalanine deaminase, phosphatase, Tween 60, acid
production from esculin, sorbitol, (other substrates provided by the API 50 CH substrate panel were also negative).
No utilization (API 20 NE) of ribose, citrate and capric acid.
No utilization (Biolog GN) of succinic acid, L-aspartic acid, L-asparagine, L-glutamic acid, glycogen, Tween 40 and 80, m-inositol,
alpha-lactose, maltose, psicose, mono-methyl succinate, acetic acid, cis-aconitic acid, citric acid, D-gluconic acid, alpha-ketoglutaric
acid, bromo-succinic acid, alanin-amide, D- and L-alanine, L-alanyl-glycine, glycyl-L-glutamic acid, L-proline, D- and L-serine, L-
threonine, uridine, thymidine, adonitol, succinic acid, L-aspartic acid, L-asparagine and L-glutamic acid.
Variable results for esculin hydrolysis, lecithinase, acid production from maltose (weak), and trehalose.
(c) Costin Stoica
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