| Proteus penneri |
| Proteus spp. swarming waves |
| Gram-staining |
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Proteobacteria, Class Gammaproteobacteria, Order Enterobacterales, Family Morganellaceae, Genus Proteus, Proteus
penneri Hickman et al. 1983.
Old synonym: Proteus vulgaris biogroup 1 Brenner et al., 1978.
penneri Hickman et al. 1983.
Old synonym: Proteus vulgaris biogroup 1 Brenner et al., 1978.
Gram-negative, straight rods, 0.4-0.6 x 1.0-3.0 μm.
Facultatively anaerobic, growth temperature 37 ºC. Highly motile by peritrichous
flagella, resulting a thin film of bacteria on the agar surface (swarming).
S-type, non-pigmented colonies on swarming inhibitory media. Majority are are
hemolytic on blood agar.
Isolation and growth media:
Nutrient agar or nutrient broth, Mueller-Hinton agar, Trypticase Soy Agar ± 5% sheep
blood: swarming, transparent, non-hemolytic colonies (with few exceptions);
Mac Conkey agar: white-transparent colonies (lactose negative) - swarming inhibited;
Rambach agar: white-transparent colonies (lactose negative) - swarming inhibited.
flagella, resulting a thin film of bacteria on the agar surface (swarming).
S-type, non-pigmented colonies on swarming inhibitory media. Majority are are
hemolytic on blood agar.
Isolation and growth media:
Nutrient agar or nutrient broth, Mueller-Hinton agar, Trypticase Soy Agar ± 5% sheep
blood: swarming, transparent, non-hemolytic colonies (with few exceptions);
Mac Conkey agar: white-transparent colonies (lactose negative) - swarming inhibited;
Rambach agar: white-transparent colonies (lactose negative) - swarming inhibited.
Isolated from urine, faeces (human and animals sources), soil and sewage.
Commonly found in the intestinal tract as part of normal flora.
Resistant to chloramphenicol. Susceptible to ceftizoxime, ceftazidime, moxalactam,
and cefoxitin.
Commonly found in the intestinal tract as part of normal flora.
Resistant to chloramphenicol. Susceptible to ceftizoxime, ceftazidime, moxalactam,
and cefoxitin.
Urinary tract infections, wounds and burns infections. Urease production (increases
the risk of pyelonephritis), together with the presence of fimbriae and bacterial motility
may favor the production of upper urinary tract infections.
the risk of pyelonephritis), together with the presence of fimbriae and bacterial motility
may favor the production of upper urinary tract infections.
- J. G. Holt et al., 1994. Facultatively Anaerobic Gram-Negative Rods. Subgroup 1. Family Enterobacteriaceae. In: Begey’s Manual of
Determinative Bacteriology, 9th-edition, Williams & Wilkins, pp 175-189. - O'Hara CM, Brenner FW, Steigerwalt AG, Hill BC, Holmes B, Grimont PA, Hawkey PM, Penner JL, Miller JM, Brenner DJ.
Classification of Proteus vulgaris biogroup 3 with recognition of Proteus hauseri sp. nov., nom. rev. and unnamed Proteus
genomospecies 4, 5 and 6. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2000; 50:1869-1875. - Winslow C.E.A., Kligler I.J. & Rothberg W.: Studies on the classification of the colon-typhoid group of bacteria with special
reference to their fermentative reactions. Journal of Bacteriology, 1919, 4, 429-503. - Cosenza B.J. & Podgwaite J.D.: A new species of Proteus isolated from larvae of the gypsy moth Porthetria dispar (L.). Antonie van
Leeuwenhoek Journal of Microbiology and Serology, 1966, 32, 187-191. - Hickman F.W., Steigerwalt A.G., Farmer III J.J. & Brenner D.J.: Identification of Proteus penneri sp. nov., formerly known as Proteus
vulgaris indole negative or as Proteus vulgaris biogroup 1. J. Clin. Microbiol., 1982, 15, 1097-1102. - Amano K.I., Williams J.C., Dasch G.A.: Structural properties of lipopolysaccharides from Rickettsia typhi and Rickettsia prowazekii
and their chemical similarity to the lipopolysaccharide from Proteus vulgaris OX 19 used in the Weil-Felix test. Infect Immun. 1998
Mar;66(3):923-926. - Don J. Brenner & J.J. Farmer III, 2004, Family I. Enterobacteriaceae, In: Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Second
edition, Vol two, part B, George M. Garrity (Editor-in-Chief), pp. 740-744. - Euzeby J.P., List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature - Genus Cosenzaea, https://www.bacterio.cict.
fr/c/cosenzaea.html. - Adeolu M, Alnajar S, Naushad S, S Gupta R. Genome-based phylogeny and taxonomy of the 'Enterobacteriales': proposal for
Enterobacterales ord. nov. divided into the families Enterobacteriaceae, Erwiniaceae fam. nov., Pectobacteriaceae fam. nov.,
Yersiniaceae fam. nov., Hafniaceae fam. nov., Morganellaceae fam. nov., and Budviciaceae fam. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol
2016; 66:5575-5599.
Positive results for phenylalanine deaminase, urease, nitrates reduction, catalase,
methyl red and acid production from glucose (usually with gas). Generally produce
acid from glycerol.
Negative results for oxidase, ONPG, malonate utilization, arginine dihydrolase, lysine
decarboxylase, acid production from: adonitol, L-arabinose, D-arabitol, cellobiose,
dulcitol, erythritol, inositol, lactose, D-mannitol, D-mannose, raffinose, L-rhamnose
and D-sorbitol.
Variable results for DN-ase and lipase (corn oil).
methyl red and acid production from glucose (usually with gas). Generally produce
acid from glycerol.
Negative results for oxidase, ONPG, malonate utilization, arginine dihydrolase, lysine
decarboxylase, acid production from: adonitol, L-arabinose, D-arabitol, cellobiose,
dulcitol, erythritol, inositol, lactose, D-mannitol, D-mannose, raffinose, L-rhamnose
and D-sorbitol.
Variable results for DN-ase and lipase (corn oil).
(c) Costin Stoica
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Legend: + positive 90-100%, - negative 90-100%, [+] positive 75-89%, [-] negative 75-89%, d
positive 25-74% of strains, AMDG: Alpha-Methyl-D-Glucoside
positive 25-74% of strains, AMDG: Alpha-Methyl-D-Glucoside
Differential characters of Proteus species:
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