| Pluralibacter gergoviae |
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Proteobacteria, Class Gammaproteobacteria, Order Enterobacteriales, Family Enterobacteriaceae, Genus Pluralibacter,
Pluralibacter gergoviae (Brenner et al. 1980) Brady et al. 2013.
Old synonym: Enterobacter gergoviae Brenner et al. 1980.
Pluralibacter gergoviae (Brenner et al. 1980) Brady et al. 2013.
Old synonym: Enterobacter gergoviae Brenner et al. 1980.
Gram-negative, straight, bacilli, 0.6-1.0 x 1.2-3.0 µm. Motile by 4-6 peritrichous flagella.
Colonies on nutritive agar are round, 2-3 mm in diameter, and slightly iridescent or
flat with irregular edges, nonpigmented. Incubation temperature 30-37 ºC. Can grow
at 41 ºC. Facultatively anaerobic. Grows on simple media and on selective media for
Enterobacteriaceae. No growth on KCN.
flat with irregular edges, nonpigmented. Incubation temperature 30-37 ºC. Can grow
at 41 ºC. Facultatively anaerobic. Grows on simple media and on selective media for
Enterobacteriaceae. No growth on KCN.
Isolated from various clinical and environmental sources (water, cosmetics). Multiply drug resistant strains have been found in urine
samples during an infection outbreak.
samples during an infection outbreak.
Produce a mannose-resistant Klebsiella-like hemagglutinin (MR/K-HA) that agglutinates tanned ox erythrocytes and is associated
with type-3 fimbriae.
Some strains produce aerobactin.
with type-3 fimbriae.
Some strains produce aerobactin.
- Brady C, Cleenwerck I, Venter S, Coutinho T, De Vos P. Taxonomic evaluation of the genus Enterobacter based on multilocus
sequence analysis (MLSA): proposal to reclassify E. nimipressuralis and E. amnigenus into Lelliottia gen. nov. as Lelliottia
nimipressuralis comb. nov. and Lelliottia amnigena comb. nov., respectively, E. gergoviae and E. pyrinus into Pluralibacter gen.
nov. as Pluralibacter gergoviae comb. nov. and Pluralibacter pyrinus comb. nov., respectively, E. cowanii, E. radicincitans, E.
oryzae and E. arachidis into Kosakonia gen. nov. as Kosakonia cowanii comb. nov., Kosakonia radicincitans comb. nov.,
Kosakonia oryzae comb. nov. and Kosakonia arachidis comb. nov., respectively, and E. turicensis, E. helveticus and E. pulveris
into Cronobacter as Cronobacter zurichensis nom. nov., Cronobacter helveticus comb. nov. and Cronobacter pulveris comb. nov.,
respectively, and emended description of the genera Enterobacter and Cronobacter. Syst Appl Microbiol 2013; 36:309-319. - Brenner DJ, Richard C, Steigerwalt AG, Asbury MA, Mandel M. Enterobacter gergoviae sp. nov.: a new species of
Enterobacteriaceae found in clinical specimens and the environment. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 1980; 30:1-6. - J. G. Holt et al., 1994. Facultatively Anaerobic Gram-Negative Rods. Subgroup 1. Family Enterobacteriaceae. In: Begey’s Manual of
Determinative Bacteriology, 9th-edition, Williams & Wilkins, pp 175-189. - Don J. Brenner and J.J. Farmer III, 2001. Family I. Enterobacteriaceae. In: Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Second
edition, Vol two, part B, George M. Garrity (Editor-in-Chief), pp 587-897.
Positive results for acetate utilization, citrate utilization, catalase, esculin hydrolysis, lysine decarboxylase, malonate utilization, nitrate
reduction, ONPG, ornithine decarboxylase, tartrate utilization, urease, Voges-Proskauer test, acid production from L-arabinose,
D-arabitol, cellobiose, glycerol, glucose (with gas), mannitol, maltose, mannose, melibiose, raffinose, rhamnose, salicin, sucrose,
trehalose and D-xylose.
Negative results for arginine dihydrolase, DNase, gelatin hydrolysis, H2S production, indole production, lipase, methyl red test,
phenylalanine deaminase, oxidase, acid production from adonitol, dulcitol, meso-erythritol, myo-inositol, alpha-methyl-glucoside,
mucate, and D-sorbitol.
Variable results for the fermentation of lactose.
reduction, ONPG, ornithine decarboxylase, tartrate utilization, urease, Voges-Proskauer test, acid production from L-arabinose,
D-arabitol, cellobiose, glycerol, glucose (with gas), mannitol, maltose, mannose, melibiose, raffinose, rhamnose, salicin, sucrose,
trehalose and D-xylose.
Negative results for arginine dihydrolase, DNase, gelatin hydrolysis, H2S production, indole production, lipase, methyl red test,
phenylalanine deaminase, oxidase, acid production from adonitol, dulcitol, meso-erythritol, myo-inositol, alpha-methyl-glucoside,
mucate, and D-sorbitol.
Variable results for the fermentation of lactose.
(c) Costin Stoica
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