| Enterobacter hormaechei |
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Proteobacteria, Class Gammaproteobacteria, Order Enterobacteriales, Family Enterobacteriaceae, Genus Enterobacter,
- Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. hoffmannii Sutton et al. 2018;
- Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. hormaechei (O'Hara et al. 1990) Hoffmann et al. 2016;
- Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. oharae Hoffmann et al. 2016;
- Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. steigerwaltii Hoffmann et al. 2016;
- Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. xiangfangensis (Gu et al. 2014) Sutton et al. 2018.
Old synonyms: "Enteric group 75", Enterobacter hormaechei O'Hara et al. 1990, Enterobacter xiangfangensis Gu et al. 2014.
- Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. hoffmannii Sutton et al. 2018;
- Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. hormaechei (O'Hara et al. 1990) Hoffmann et al. 2016;
- Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. oharae Hoffmann et al. 2016;
- Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. steigerwaltii Hoffmann et al. 2016;
- Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. xiangfangensis (Gu et al. 2014) Sutton et al. 2018.
Old synonyms: "Enteric group 75", Enterobacter hormaechei O'Hara et al. 1990, Enterobacter xiangfangensis Gu et al. 2014.
Gram-negative rods. Motility is variable.
Colonies on nutritive agar are round, 2-3 mm in diameter, and slightly iridescent or
flat with irregular edges, nonpigmented. Incubation temperature 30-37 ºC. Can grow
at 15-42 ºC. Grows on simple media and on selective media for Enterobacteriaceae.
Facultatively anaerobic.
flat with irregular edges, nonpigmented. Incubation temperature 30-37 ºC. Can grow
at 15-42 ºC. Grows on simple media and on selective media for Enterobacteriaceae.
Facultatively anaerobic.
Subsp. hoffmannii was isolated from the respiratory tract.
Subsp. hormaechei was isolated from clinical specimens (blood, sputum, wounds).
Subsp. oharae was isolated from a mouth swab of a 2-year-old infant.
Subsp. steigerwaltii was isolated from an infected surgical skin wound of a 49-year-old patient with tonsillar carcinoma.
Subsp. xiangfangensis was isolated from traditional sourdough in Heilongjiang Province, China.
Subsp. hormaechei was isolated from clinical specimens (blood, sputum, wounds).
Subsp. oharae was isolated from a mouth swab of a 2-year-old infant.
Subsp. steigerwaltii was isolated from an infected surgical skin wound of a 49-year-old patient with tonsillar carcinoma.
Subsp. xiangfangensis was isolated from traditional sourdough in Heilongjiang Province, China.
Undetermined.
- J. G. Holt et al., 1994. Facultatively Anaerobic Gram-Negative Rods. Subgroup 1. Family Enterobacteriaceae. In: Begey’s Manual of
Determinative Bacteriology, 9th-edition, Williams & Wilkins, pp 175-189. - .Don J. Brenner and J.J. Farmer III, 2001. Family I. Enterobacteriaceae. In: Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Second
edition, Vol two, part B, George M. Garrity (Editor-in-Chief), pp 587-897. - O’Hara(C.M.) et al.: Enterobacter hormaechei, a new species of the family Enterobacteriaceae formerly known as Enteric Group
75. J. Clin. Microbiol., 1989, 27, 2046-2049. - Hoffmann H, Stindl S, Ludwig W, Stumpf A, Mehlen A, Monget D, Pierard D, Ziesing S, Heesemann J, Roggenkamp A, et al.
Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. oharae subsp. nov., E. hormaechei subsp. hormaechei comb. nov., and E. hormaechei subsp.
steigerwaltii subsp. nov., three new subspecies of clinical importance. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43:3297-3303. - Sutton GG, Brinkac LM, Clarke TH, Fouts DE. Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. hoffmannii subsp. nov., Enterobacter hormaechei
subsp. xiangfangensis comb. nov., Enterobacter roggenkampii sp. nov., and Enterobacter muelleri is a later heterotypic synonym
of Enterobacter asburiae based on computational analysis of sequenced Enterobacter genomes. F1000Res 2018; 7:521. - Gu CT, Li CY, Yang LJ, Huo GC. Enterobacter xiangfangensis sp. nov., isolated from Chinese traditional sourdough, and
reclassification of Enterobacter sacchari Zhu et al. 2013 as Kosakonia sacchari comb. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2014; 64:2650-
2656.
E. hormaechei subspecies cannot be clearly differentiated by biochemical tests.
Positive results for arginine dihydrolase, catalase, citrate utilization (Simmons), beta-galactosidase, malonate utilization, nitrate
reduction to nitrite, ornithine decarboxylase, growth on KCN, acid production from L-arabinose, cellobiose, galactose, gentiobiose,
glucose, levulose, D-mannitol, maltose, D-mannose, L-rhamnose, ribose, salicin, D-sorbitol, sucrose, trehalose, and D-xylose.
Negative results for DNase, esculin hydrolysis, gelatin hydrolysis, H2S production, indole production, lipase (corn oil), lysine de
carboxylase, oxidase, phenylalanine deaminase, tyrosine clearing, Voges-Proskauer test, Tween 80 esterase, acid production from
adonitol, D-arabitol, erythritol, glycerol, mio-inositol, lactose, melibiose, raffinose, .
Variable or delayed results for acetate utilization, methyl red test, urea hydrolysis, acid production from alpha-methyl-glucoside,
dulcitol, D-lyxose, mucate, and tartrate.
Positive results for arginine dihydrolase, catalase, citrate utilization (Simmons), beta-galactosidase, malonate utilization, nitrate
reduction to nitrite, ornithine decarboxylase, growth on KCN, acid production from L-arabinose, cellobiose, galactose, gentiobiose,
glucose, levulose, D-mannitol, maltose, D-mannose, L-rhamnose, ribose, salicin, D-sorbitol, sucrose, trehalose, and D-xylose.
Negative results for DNase, esculin hydrolysis, gelatin hydrolysis, H2S production, indole production, lipase (corn oil), lysine de
carboxylase, oxidase, phenylalanine deaminase, tyrosine clearing, Voges-Proskauer test, Tween 80 esterase, acid production from
adonitol, D-arabitol, erythritol, glycerol, mio-inositol, lactose, melibiose, raffinose, .
Variable or delayed results for acetate utilization, methyl red test, urea hydrolysis, acid production from alpha-methyl-glucoside,
dulcitol, D-lyxose, mucate, and tartrate.
(c) Costin Stoica
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