|
| Antibiogram |
| Cronobacter sakazakii |
Legend: + positive 90-100%, - negative 90-100%, [+] positive 75-89%, [-] negative 75-89%, d positive 25-74% of strains
Differential characters between Cronobacter species:
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Proteobacteria, Class Gammaproteobacteria, Order Enterobacterales, Family Enterobacteriaceae, Genus Cronobacter,
Cronobacter sakazakii (Farmer et al. 1980) Iversen et al. 2008.
Old synonyms: Enterobacter sakazakii Farmer et al. 1980, Cronobacter sakazakii subsp. sakazakii Iversen et al. 2007.
Initially were described 15 biogroups, now comprises biogroups 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 11 and 13.
Cronobacter sakazakii (Farmer et al. 1980) Iversen et al. 2008.
Old synonyms: Enterobacter sakazakii Farmer et al. 1980, Cronobacter sakazakii subsp. sakazakii Iversen et al. 2007.
Initially were described 15 biogroups, now comprises biogroups 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 11 and 13.
Gram-negative, straight, bacilli, usually motile by 4-6 peritrichous flagella. Measures
1.0 x 1.2-3.0 µm.
1.0 x 1.2-3.0 µm.
Colonies on nutritive agar are round, 2-3 mm in diameter, bright yellow at 25 ºC or
pale yellow at 37 ºC, 1-3 mm in diameter. Incubation temperature 30-37 ºC. Can grow
at 44 ºC. Grows on simple media and on selective media for Enterobacteriaceae.
Facultatively anaerobic. Grows on KCN.
pale yellow at 37 ºC, 1-3 mm in diameter. Incubation temperature 30-37 ºC. Can grow
at 44 ºC. Grows on simple media and on selective media for Enterobacteriaceae.
Facultatively anaerobic. Grows on KCN.
Isolated from clinical specimens.
Opportunistic pathogen that may cause invasive infections with high death rates in neonates (meningitis, necrotizing enterocolitis and
sepsis).
sepsis).
- J. G. Holt et al., 1994. Facultatively Anaerobic Gram-Negative Rods. Subgroup 1. Family Enterobacteriaceae. In: Begey’s Manual of
Determinative Bacteriology, 9th-edition, Williams & Wilkins, pp 175-189. - Don J. Brenner and J.J. Farmer III, 2001. Family I. Enterobacteriaceae. In: Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Second
edition, Vol two, part B, George M. Garrity (Editor-in-Chief), pp 587-897. - Farmer III (J.J.) et al.: Enterobacter sakazakii: a new species of "Enterobacteriaceae" isolated from clinical specimens. Int. J. Syst.
Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 569-584. - Adeolu M, Alnajar S, Naushad S, S Gupta R. Genome-based phylogeny and taxonomy of the 'Enterobacteriales': proposal for
Enterobacterales ord. nov. divided into the families Enterobacteriaceae, Erwiniaceae fam. nov., Pectobacteriaceae fam. nov.,
Yersiniaceae fam. nov., Hafniaceae fam. nov., Morganellaceae fam. nov., and Budviciaceae fam. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2016;
66:5575-5599. - Iversen C, Mullane N, McCardell B, Tall BD, Lehner A, Fanning S, Stephan R, Joosten H. Cronobacter gen. nov., a new genus to
accommodate the biogroups of Enterobacter sakazakii, and proposal of Cronobacter sakazakii gen. nov., comb. nov., Cronobacter
malonaticus sp. nov., Cronobacter turicensis sp. nov., Cronobacter muytjensii sp. nov., Cronobacter dublinensis sp. nov.,
Cronobacter genomospecies 1, and of three subspecies, Cronobacter dublinensis subsp. dublinensis subsp. nov., Cronobacter
dublinensis subsp. lausannensis subsp. nov. and Cronobacter dublinensis subsp. lactaridi subsp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol
2008; 58:1442-1447. - Iversen C, Lehner A, Mullane N, Bidlas E, Cleenwerck I, Marugg J, Fanning S, Stephan R, Joosten H. The taxonomy of Enterobacter
sakazakii: proposal of a new genus Cronobacter gen. nov. and descriptions of Cronobacter sakazakii comb. nov. Cronobacter
sakazakii subsp. sakazakii, comb. nov., Cronobacter sakazakii subsp. malonaticus subsp. nov., Cronobacter turicensis sp. nov.,
Cronobacter muytjensii sp. nov., Cronobacter dublinensis sp. nov. and Cronobacter genomospecies 1. BMC Evol Biol 2007; 7:64. - Joseph S, Cetinkaya E, Drahovska H, Levican A, Figueras MJ, Forsythe SJ. Cronobacter condimenti sp. nov., isolated from spiced
meat, and Cronobacter universalis sp. nov., a species designation for Cronobacter sp. genomospecies 1, recovered from a leg
infection, water and food ingredients. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2012; 62:1277-1283.
Positive results for arginine dihydrolase, acetate utilization, catalase, citrate utilization, esculin hydrolysis, nitrate reduction, ONPG,
ornithine decarboxylase, Voges-Proskauer test, acid production from L-arabinose, cellobiose, glucose (with gas production), lactose,
mannitol, maltose, mannose, melibiose, alpha-methyl-D-glucoside, raffinose, rhamnose, salicin (most of strains), sucrose,
trehalose and D-xylose.
Negative results for DNase, gelatin hydrolysis, indole production, H2S production, lipase-corn oil, lysine decarboxylase, methyl red
test, mucate, oxidase, phenylalanine, tartrate (Jordan), tyrosine, urease, acid production from D-adonitol, D-arabitol, dulcitol, erythritol,
glycerol, and D-sorbitol.
Variable results for acid production from i-inositol.
ornithine decarboxylase, Voges-Proskauer test, acid production from L-arabinose, cellobiose, glucose (with gas production), lactose,
mannitol, maltose, mannose, melibiose, alpha-methyl-D-glucoside, raffinose, rhamnose, salicin (most of strains), sucrose,
trehalose and D-xylose.
Negative results for DNase, gelatin hydrolysis, indole production, H2S production, lipase-corn oil, lysine decarboxylase, methyl red
test, mucate, oxidase, phenylalanine, tartrate (Jordan), tyrosine, urease, acid production from D-adonitol, D-arabitol, dulcitol, erythritol,
glycerol, and D-sorbitol.
Variable results for acid production from i-inositol.
(c) Costin Stoica
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