| Antibiogram |
| Cronobacter malonaticus |
Legend: + positive 90-100%, - negative 90-100%, [+] positive 75-89%, [-] negative 75-89%, d positive 25-74% of strains
|
Differential characters between Cronobacter species:
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Proteobacteria, Class Gammaproteobacteria, Order Enterobacterales, Family Enterobacteriaceae, Genus Cronobacter,
Cronobacter turicensis Iversen et al. 2008. Comprises former C. sakazakii biogroups 5, 9 and 14.
Old synonym: Cronobacter sakazakii subsp. malonaticus Iversen et al. 2007.
Cronobacter turicensis Iversen et al. 2008. Comprises former C. sakazakii biogroups 5, 9 and 14.
Old synonym: Cronobacter sakazakii subsp. malonaticus Iversen et al. 2007.
Gram-negative rods, 1-3 µm. Non-spore-forming. Motile.
Colonies on TSA incubated at 37 ºC for 24 hours are 2-3 mm in diameter, opaque,
circular and yellow. In TSB, grows at 45 ºC (optimum 37 ºC), but not at 5 ºC. No
haemolysis is observed on sheep blood agar at 37 ºC. Grows at pH 5-10 and in up to
7 % (w/v) NaCl. Facultatively anaerobic.
circular and yellow. In TSB, grows at 45 ºC (optimum 37 ºC), but not at 5 ºC. No
haemolysis is observed on sheep blood agar at 37 ºC. Grows at pH 5-10 and in up to
7 % (w/v) NaCl. Facultatively anaerobic.
Isolated from a breast abscess.
Undetermined.
- Adeolu M, Alnajar S, Naushad S, S Gupta R. Genome-based phylogeny and taxonomy of the 'Enterobacteriales': proposal for
Enterobacterales ord. nov. divided into the families Enterobacteriaceae, Erwiniaceae fam. nov., Pectobacteriaceae fam. nov.,
Yersiniaceae fam. nov., Hafniaceae fam. nov., Morganellaceae fam. nov., and Budviciaceae fam. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2016;
66:5575-5599. - Iversen C, Mullane N, McCardell B, Tall BD, Lehner A, Fanning S, Stephan R, Joosten H. Cronobacter gen. nov., a new genus to
accommodate the biogroups of Enterobacter sakazakii, and proposal of Cronobacter sakazakii gen. nov., comb. nov., Cronobacter
malonaticus sp. nov., Cronobacter turicensis sp. nov., Cronobacter muytjensii sp. nov., Cronobacter dublinensis sp. nov.,
Cronobacter genomospecies 1, and of three subspecies, Cronobacter dublinensis subsp. dublinensis subsp. nov., Cronobacter
dublinensis subsp. lausannensis subsp. nov. and Cronobacter dublinensis subsp. lactaridi subsp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol
2008; 58:1442-1447. - Iversen C, Lehner A, Mullane N, Bidlas E, Cleenwerck I, Marugg J, Fanning S, Stephan R, Joosten H. The taxonomy of Enterobacter
sakazakii: proposal of a new genus Cronobacter gen. nov. and descriptions of Cronobacter sakazakii comb. nov. Cronobacter
sakazakii subsp. sakazakii, comb. nov., Cronobacter sakazakii subsp. malonaticus subsp. nov., Cronobacter turicensis sp. nov.,
Cronobacter muytjensii sp. nov., Cronobacter dublinensis sp. nov. and Cronobacter genomospecies 1. BMC Evol Biol 2007; 7:64.
Positive results for arginine dihydrolase, catalase, citrate utilization, beta-galactosidase, malonate utilization, nitrate reduction, ornithine
decarboxylase, Voges-Proskauer test, acid production from L-arabinose, amygdalin, cellobiose, glucose (without gas production),
inositol, mannitol, melibiose, rhamnose, and saccharose.
Can utilize malonate, lactulose, 4-aminobutyrate, maltitol, 1-0-methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside, turanose, trans-aconitate, cis-aconitate,
palatinose, alpha-D-glucose, beta-D-fructose, D-galactose, trehalose, D-mannose, melibiose, sucrose, raffinose, maltotriose,
maltose, alpha-lactose, 1-0-methyl alpha/beta-galactopyranoside, cellobiose, beta-gentiobiose, esculin, L-arabinose, D-xylose,
glycerol, D-mannitol, L-malate, D-glucuronate, D-galacturonate, 2-ketogluconate, N-acetyl D-glucosamine, arbutin,
DL-alpha-glycerol-phosphate, dihydroxyacetone, D-ribose, L-lyxose, pyruvic acid, D-gluconate, DL-lactate, succinate, fumarate,
DL-glycerate, D-glucosamine, L-aspartate, L-glutamate, L-proline, D- and L-alanine, and L-serine.
Negative results for gelatin hydrolysis, H2S production, indole production, lysine decarboxylase, methyl red test, oxidase, urease, acid
production from adonitol, D-sorbitol and 5-ketogluconate.
No utilization of mio-inositol, L-sorbose, alpha-L-fucose, D-arabitol, L-arabitol, xylitol, D-tagatose, D-sorbitol, adonitol, i-erythritol,
3-0-methyl D-glucopyranose, D-saccharate, mucate, L-tartrate, D-tartrate, meso-tartrate, tricarballylate, 5-ketogluconate, L-tryptophan,
phenylacetate, protocatechuate, 4-hydroxybenzoate, quinate, gentisate, 3-hydroxybenzoate, benzoate, 3-phenylpropionate,
m-coumarate, trigonelline, betaine, histamine, caprate, caprylate, L-histidine, glutarate, 5-aminovalerate, ethanolamine, tryptamine,
itaconate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, propionate, L-tyrosine, alpha-ketoglutarate, sodium pyruvate, amygdalin, D-serine, D-threonine, inulin,
L-alaninamide, L-glucose, L-homoserine, L-isoleucine, L-leucine, L-lysine, L-methionine, L-phenylalanine, L-valine, mannan, tyramine,
glucose 1-phosphate and glucose 6-phosphate.
Variable utilization of putrescine.
decarboxylase, Voges-Proskauer test, acid production from L-arabinose, amygdalin, cellobiose, glucose (without gas production),
inositol, mannitol, melibiose, rhamnose, and saccharose.
Can utilize malonate, lactulose, 4-aminobutyrate, maltitol, 1-0-methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside, turanose, trans-aconitate, cis-aconitate,
palatinose, alpha-D-glucose, beta-D-fructose, D-galactose, trehalose, D-mannose, melibiose, sucrose, raffinose, maltotriose,
maltose, alpha-lactose, 1-0-methyl alpha/beta-galactopyranoside, cellobiose, beta-gentiobiose, esculin, L-arabinose, D-xylose,
glycerol, D-mannitol, L-malate, D-glucuronate, D-galacturonate, 2-ketogluconate, N-acetyl D-glucosamine, arbutin,
DL-alpha-glycerol-phosphate, dihydroxyacetone, D-ribose, L-lyxose, pyruvic acid, D-gluconate, DL-lactate, succinate, fumarate,
DL-glycerate, D-glucosamine, L-aspartate, L-glutamate, L-proline, D- and L-alanine, and L-serine.
Negative results for gelatin hydrolysis, H2S production, indole production, lysine decarboxylase, methyl red test, oxidase, urease, acid
production from adonitol, D-sorbitol and 5-ketogluconate.
No utilization of mio-inositol, L-sorbose, alpha-L-fucose, D-arabitol, L-arabitol, xylitol, D-tagatose, D-sorbitol, adonitol, i-erythritol,
3-0-methyl D-glucopyranose, D-saccharate, mucate, L-tartrate, D-tartrate, meso-tartrate, tricarballylate, 5-ketogluconate, L-tryptophan,
phenylacetate, protocatechuate, 4-hydroxybenzoate, quinate, gentisate, 3-hydroxybenzoate, benzoate, 3-phenylpropionate,
m-coumarate, trigonelline, betaine, histamine, caprate, caprylate, L-histidine, glutarate, 5-aminovalerate, ethanolamine, tryptamine,
itaconate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, propionate, L-tyrosine, alpha-ketoglutarate, sodium pyruvate, amygdalin, D-serine, D-threonine, inulin,
L-alaninamide, L-glucose, L-homoserine, L-isoleucine, L-leucine, L-lysine, L-methionine, L-phenylalanine, L-valine, mannan, tyramine,
glucose 1-phosphate and glucose 6-phosphate.
Variable utilization of putrescine.
(c) Costin Stoica
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