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Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Proteobacteria, Class Gammaproteobacteria, Order Enterobacterales, Family Enterobacteriaceae, Genus Citrobacter,
Citrobacter pasteurii Clermont et al. 2015.
Citrobacter pasteurii Clermont et al. 2015.
Gram-negative short rods. Motile. Non-spore-forming.
Colonies are translucent, bright, 1-2 mm in diameter after 48 h at 30 ºC on trypticase
soy agar. Facultatively anaerobic.
soy agar. Facultatively anaerobic.
Isolated from human diarrhoea.
Opportunistic pathogen.
- J. G. Holt et al., 1994. Facultatively Anaerobic Gram-Negative Rods. Subgroup 1. Family Enterobacteriaceae. In: Begey’s Manual of
Determinative Bacteriology, 9th-edition, Williams & Wilkins, pp 175-189. - Don J. Brenner and J.J. Farmer III, 2001. Family I. Enterobacteriaceae. In: Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Second
edition, Vol two, part B, George M. Garrity (Editor-in-Chief), pp 587-897. - Oberhettinger P, Schule L, Marschal M, Bezdan D, Ossowski S, Dorfel D, Vogel W, Rossen JW, Willmann M, Peter S. Description
of Citrobacter cronae sp. nov., isolated from human rectal swabs and stool samples. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:2998-3003. - Ribeiro TG, Clermont D, Branquinho R, Machado E, Peixe L, Brisse S. Citrobacter europaeus sp. nov., isolated from water and
human faecal samples. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017; 67:170-173. - Clermont D, Motreff L, Passet V, Fernandez JC, Bizet C, Brisse S. Multilocus sequence analysis of the genus Citrobacter and
description of Citrobacter pasteurii sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2015; 65:1486-1490. - Ribeiro TG, Goncalves BR, da Silva MS, Novais A, Machado E, Carrico JA, Peixe L. Citrobacter portucalensis sp. nov., isolated from
an aquatic sample. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017; 67:3513-3517. - Ribeiro TG, Izdebski R, Urbanowicz P, Carmeli Y, Gniadkowski M, Peixe L. Citrobacter telavivum sp. nov. with chromosomal mcr-9
from hospitalized patients. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 40:123-131.
Positive results for acid and alkaline phosphatase, citrate utilization, beta-galactosidase, beta-glucosidase, H2S production, leucine
arylamidase, methyl red test , nitrate reduction, urease, acid production from: D-and L-arabinose, arbutin, aesculin, cellobiose,
D-fructose, L-fucose, galactose, D-glucose, glycerol, beta-gentiobiose, gluconate, 2- and 5-ketogluconate, D-mannose, maltose,
mannitol, N-acetylglucosamine, rhamnose, ribose, sorbitol, L-sorbose, starch, trehalose and D-xylose.
Negative results for catalase, indole production, gelatinase, lysine decarboxylase, malonate utilization, ornithine decarboxylase,
oxidase, Voges-Proskauer test, acid production from: adonitol, amygdalin, D-arabitol, inositol, melibiose, methyl alpha-D-glucoside,
raffinose and salicin.
Variable results for acid production from: arbutin, dulcitol, sucrose and D-tagatose.
arylamidase, methyl red test , nitrate reduction, urease, acid production from: D-and L-arabinose, arbutin, aesculin, cellobiose,
D-fructose, L-fucose, galactose, D-glucose, glycerol, beta-gentiobiose, gluconate, 2- and 5-ketogluconate, D-mannose, maltose,
mannitol, N-acetylglucosamine, rhamnose, ribose, sorbitol, L-sorbose, starch, trehalose and D-xylose.
Negative results for catalase, indole production, gelatinase, lysine decarboxylase, malonate utilization, ornithine decarboxylase,
oxidase, Voges-Proskauer test, acid production from: adonitol, amygdalin, D-arabitol, inositol, melibiose, methyl alpha-D-glucoside,
raffinose and salicin.
Variable results for acid production from: arbutin, dulcitol, sucrose and D-tagatose.
(c) Costin Stoica
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Differential characters of the species:
Legend: + positive 90-100%, - negative 90-100%, [+] positive 75-89%, [-] negative 75-89%, d positive 25-74%, nd not determined.
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