| Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens |
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Actinobacteria, Class Actinobacteria, Order Micrococcales, Family Microbacteriaceae, Genus Curtobacterium, Curtobacterium
flaccumfaciens (Hedges 1922) Collins and Jones 1984.
Historical synonyms: Corynebacterium flaccumfaciens (Hedges 1922) Dowson 1942, Corynebacterium flaccumfaciens subsp.
flaccumfaciens (Hedges 1922) Dowson 1942, Corynebacterium betae Keyworth etal. 1956, Corynebacterium flaccumfaciens subsp.
betae (Keyworth et al. 1956) Carlson and Vidaver 1982, Corynebacterium oortii Saaltink and Maas Geesteranus 1969,
Corynebacterium flaccumfaciens subsp. oortii (Saaltink and Maas Geesteranus 1969) Carlson and Vidaver 1982, Corynebacterium
poinsettiae (Starr and Pirone 1942) Burkholder 1948, Corynebacterium flaccumfaciens subsp. poinsettiae (Starr and Pirone 1942)
Carlson and Vidaver 1982.
flaccumfaciens (Hedges 1922) Collins and Jones 1984.
Historical synonyms: Corynebacterium flaccumfaciens (Hedges 1922) Dowson 1942, Corynebacterium flaccumfaciens subsp.
flaccumfaciens (Hedges 1922) Dowson 1942, Corynebacterium betae Keyworth etal. 1956, Corynebacterium flaccumfaciens subsp.
betae (Keyworth et al. 1956) Carlson and Vidaver 1982, Corynebacterium oortii Saaltink and Maas Geesteranus 1969,
Corynebacterium flaccumfaciens subsp. oortii (Saaltink and Maas Geesteranus 1969) Carlson and Vidaver 1982, Corynebacterium
poinsettiae (Starr and Pirone 1942) Burkholder 1948, Corynebacterium flaccumfaciens subsp. poinsettiae (Starr and Pirone 1942)
Carlson and Vidaver 1982.
Gram-positive, straight to slightly curved or wedge shaped short rods, 0.3-0.6/1.0-3.0
µm; older cultures may show a proportion of coccoid cells. Predominantly single cells
but some V, Y and palisade arrangements are usually present. Motility is variable.
Non-spore-forming. Mycolic acids are not present.
µm; older cultures may show a proportion of coccoid cells. Predominantly single cells
but some V, Y and palisade arrangements are usually present. Motility is variable.
Non-spore-forming. Mycolic acids are not present.
Colonies on yeast extract-glucose agar after 3-4 days are 2-4 mm diameter, smooth,
low convex, non-viscid and semi-fluidal, pigmented in shades of yellow, orange and
pink, sometimes blue to purple. Hiamin, biotin and pantothenate are required for
growth. Strictly aerobic. Grows at 24-27 ºC, optimum, and 35-37 ºC, maximum. Can
grow in 7-9% NaCl.
low convex, non-viscid and semi-fluidal, pigmented in shades of yellow, orange and
pink, sometimes blue to purple. Hiamin, biotin and pantothenate are required for
growth. Strictly aerobic. Grows at 24-27 ºC, optimum, and 35-37 ºC, maximum. Can
grow in 7-9% NaCl.
Isolated from plants.
The following pathovars are recognized for practical, quarantine purposes; their description is the same as that for the species:
Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens, causes a vascular wilt of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris).
Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. betae, causes a vascular wilt and leaf spot of red beet (Beta vulgaris).
Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. oortii, causes a vascular disease and leaf and bulb spot of tulips (Tulipa spp.).
Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. poinsettiae, causes a stem canker and leaf spot of the poinsettia (Eurphorbia pulcherrima).
Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens, causes a vascular wilt of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris).
Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. betae, causes a vascular wilt and leaf spot of red beet (Beta vulgaris).
Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. oortii, causes a vascular disease and leaf and bulb spot of tulips (Tulipa spp.).
Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. poinsettiae, causes a stem canker and leaf spot of the poinsettia (Eurphorbia pulcherrima).
- Collins M.D. and Jones D., 1983. Reclassification of Corynebacterium flaccumfaciens, Corynebacterium betae, Corynebacterium
oortii and Corynebacterium poinsettiae in the genus Curtobacterium, as Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens comb. nov. J. Gen.
Microbiol., 129, 3545-3548. - Cummins C.S., Lelliott R.A. and Rogosa M., 1975. Genus Corynebacterium Lehmann and Neumann 1896 . In: Buchanan R.E.
and Gibbons N.E. (Editors), Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, Eight Edition, The Williams & Wilkins Company,
Baltimore, 602-617.
Non-acid-fast.
Positive results for catalase, H2S production, esculin hydrolysis, methyl red test, starch hydrolysis, acid production from: arabinose,
cellobiose, fructose, galactose, glucose, glycerol, inositol, maltose, mannose, melibiose, raffinose, rhamnose, sucrose & xylose.
Negative results for arginine decarboxylase, gelatin hydrolysis, indole production, lysine decarboxylase, nitrate reduction, ornithine
decarboxylase, oxidase, phenylalanine deaminase, tyrosine hydrolysis, urease, acid production from: dextrin, glycogen, inulin &
starch.
Variable results for acid production from: adonitol & melezitose.
Positive results for catalase, H2S production, esculin hydrolysis, methyl red test, starch hydrolysis, acid production from: arabinose,
cellobiose, fructose, galactose, glucose, glycerol, inositol, maltose, mannose, melibiose, raffinose, rhamnose, sucrose & xylose.
Negative results for arginine decarboxylase, gelatin hydrolysis, indole production, lysine decarboxylase, nitrate reduction, ornithine
decarboxylase, oxidase, phenylalanine deaminase, tyrosine hydrolysis, urease, acid production from: dextrin, glycogen, inulin &
starch.
Variable results for acid production from: adonitol & melezitose.
(c) Costin Stoica
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