| Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis |
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum “Actinobacteria”, Class Actinobacteria, Order Bifidobacteriales, Family Bifidobacteriaceae, Genus Bifidobacterium,
Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (Meile, Ludwig, Rueger, Gut, Kaufmann, Dasen, Wenger, Teuber 1997) Masco, Ventura, Zink,
Huys and Swings 2004.
Synonyms: Bifidobacterium lactis Meile, Ludwig, Rueger, Gut, Kaufmann, Dasen, Wenger, Teuber 1997.
Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (Meile, Ludwig, Rueger, Gut, Kaufmann, Dasen, Wenger, Teuber 1997) Masco, Ventura, Zink,
Huys and Swings 2004.
Synonyms: Bifidobacterium lactis Meile, Ludwig, Rueger, Gut, Kaufmann, Dasen, Wenger, Teuber 1997.
Gram-positive irregular rod-shaped cells, 0.4-0.6 x 0.9-1.2 µm; the central part are
slightly enlarged, sometimes arranged in pairs; branching can occur to form
cross-like aggregates of four cells. Non-spore-forming. Non-motile.
slightly enlarged, sometimes arranged in pairs; branching can occur to form
cross-like aggregates of four cells. Non-spore-forming. Non-motile.
Colonies are smooth, convex, cream to white, glistening and soft.
Phase variation: transparent colonies, minute and mostly spherical, develop opaque
colonies with species-specific shapes and dimensions. Anaerobic. Growth
temperature 25-45 ºC, optimum 39-42 ºC. Grows at pH 6.0-7.4, optimum pH 6.4-7.0.
Phase variation: transparent colonies, minute and mostly spherical, develop opaque
colonies with species-specific shapes and dimensions. Anaerobic. Growth
temperature 25-45 ºC, optimum 39-42 ºC. Grows at pH 6.0-7.4, optimum pH 6.4-7.0.
Isolated from faeces of chicken, rabbit and human, fermented milk and sewage.
it is a probiotic supplement in the human diet.
it is a probiotic supplement in the human diet.
Non-pathogenic.
- Biavati B, Mattarelli P, 2012. Genus I. Bifidobacterium Orla-Jensen 1924. In: Parte et al. (ed). Bergey’s manual of systematic
bacteriology: The Actinobacteria,Part A and B. Springer, New York, 171-206. - Masco L, Ventura M, Zink R, Huys G and Swings J, 2004. Polyphasic taxonomic analysis of Bifidobacterium animalis and
Bifidobacterium lactis reveals relatedness at the subspecies level: reclassification of Bifidobacterium animalis as Bifidobacterium
animalis subsp. animalis subsp. nov. and Bifidobacterium lactis as Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis subsp. nov. Int J Syst
Evol Microbiol 54, 1137-1143. - Scardovi V and Trovatelli LD, 1974. Bifidobacterium animalis (Mitsuoka) comb. nov. and the “minimum” and “subtile” groups of new
bifidobacteria found in sewage. Int J Syst Bacteriol 24(1) 21-28. - Meile L, Ludwig W, Rueger U, Gut C, Kaufmann P, Dasen G, Wenger S and Teuber M, 1997. Bifidobacterium lactis sp. nov., a
moderately oxygen tolerant species isolated from fermented milk. System. Appl. Microbiol. 20, 57-64.
Positive results for alpha- and beta-galactosidase, alpha-glucosidase, Voges-Proskauer test, acid production from amygdalin,
L-arabinose, dextrin, esculin, D-glucose, gentibiose, 5-ketogluconate, D-lactose, maltose, melibiose, raffinose, D-ribose, sucrose,
and D-xylose.
Negative results for catalase, gelatin liquefaction, beta-glucuronidase, indole production, nitrate reduction, acid production from
cellobiose, D-fructose, D-fucose, D-galactose, gluconate, glycerol, glycogen, N-acetylglucosamine, 2-ketogluconate, inositol, inulin,
D-mannitol, D-mannose, melezitose, rhamnose, L-sorbose, D-sorbitol, salicin, starch, trehalose, L-xylose, and xylitol.
Ammonia is not produced from arginine or urea.
L-arabinose, dextrin, esculin, D-glucose, gentibiose, 5-ketogluconate, D-lactose, maltose, melibiose, raffinose, D-ribose, sucrose,
and D-xylose.
Negative results for catalase, gelatin liquefaction, beta-glucuronidase, indole production, nitrate reduction, acid production from
cellobiose, D-fructose, D-fucose, D-galactose, gluconate, glycerol, glycogen, N-acetylglucosamine, 2-ketogluconate, inositol, inulin,
D-mannitol, D-mannose, melezitose, rhamnose, L-sorbose, D-sorbitol, salicin, starch, trehalose, L-xylose, and xylitol.
Ammonia is not produced from arginine or urea.
(c) Costin Stoica
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