| Brevibacillus laterosporus |
| B. laterosporus (Gram stain) cells with central lateral spores |
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Firmicutes, Class Bacilli, Order Bacillales, Family Paenibacillaceae, Genus Brevibacillus, Brevibacillus laterosporus Shida et
al.1996 comb. nov. (formerly Bacillus laterosporus Laubach 1916).
Synonym: Bacillus orpheus McCrey 1917. Smith et al. (1946) demonstrated that
B. orpheus is the same with B. laterosporus.
al.1996 comb. nov. (formerly Bacillus laterosporus Laubach 1916).
Synonym: Bacillus orpheus McCrey 1917. Smith et al. (1946) demonstrated that
B. orpheus is the same with B. laterosporus.
Gram-variable, 1.8-3.7/0.6-0.9 μm, motile bacillus. Peritrichous flagella. Ellipsoidal,
deforming spore located central or paracentral & positioned excentric (lateral),
conferring to the vegetative cell a letter C or canoe aspect. No capsule present.
deforming spore located central or paracentral & positioned excentric (lateral),
conferring to the vegetative cell a letter C or canoe aspect. No capsule present.
Grows easily on routine media (nutrient agar, TSA): colonies are 1–3 mm in diameter.
Cultural characters:
- in liquid medium: non-uniform, moderate turbidity , deposit.
- on agar: white-yellowish, round, S-type colonies. Nonhemolytic on blood agar.
Aerobic and anaerobic growth. Growth temperature optimum 30 ºC, min. 15-20 ºC, max.
35-50 ºC. Grows at pH 6.8, but not at pH 5.7. Growth in 5% NaCl medium is variable.
Cultural characters:
- in liquid medium: non-uniform, moderate turbidity , deposit.
- on agar: white-yellowish, round, S-type colonies. Nonhemolytic on blood agar.
Aerobic and anaerobic growth. Growth temperature optimum 30 ºC, min. 15-20 ºC, max.
35-50 ºC. Grows at pH 6.8, but not at pH 5.7. Growth in 5% NaCl medium is variable.
Isolated from water, honeybees larvae dead of European foulbrood and from the
healthy worker-bee intestine. Also isolated from other insects, soil, salterns, foods,
paper products, marine environments and an eye infection. Produces hetero- and
auto-antibiotics.
healthy worker-bee intestine. Also isolated from other insects, soil, salterns, foods,
paper products, marine environments and an eye infection. Produces hetero- and
auto-antibiotics.
Rather saprophytic bacteria, can intensively multiply in honeybees larvae dead of’
European foulbrood, its evolution resembling Paenibacillus alvei. Is a component of
associative flora in European foulbrood, probably more active in the last stages of the
disease. some strains are pathogenic for mosquito and blackfly larvae.
Parasporal toxin crystals, visible by electron microscopy, may be produced by some
strains isolated from an eye infection.
European foulbrood, its evolution resembling Paenibacillus alvei. Is a component of
associative flora in European foulbrood, probably more active in the last stages of the
disease. some strains are pathogenic for mosquito and blackfly larvae.
Parasporal toxin crystals, visible by electron microscopy, may be produced by some
strains isolated from an eye infection.
- Bailey L. (1963) – Infectious disease of honey-bee. Land Books Limited, London.
- Gordon R.E., Haynes W.C., Pang C.H. (1973) – The genus Bacillus . Agriculture Handbook No. 427, U.S.D.A., Washington D.C.
- Buchanan R.E., Gibbons N.E., Cowan S.T., Holt J.G., Liston J., Murray R.G.E., Niven C.F., Ravin A.W., Stanier R.W. ( 1974) – Bergey’
s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, Eight Edition, The Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore. - Sorescu Ionut (1998) – Cercetari privind raspunsul imun in principalele boli bacteriene si micotice ale albinei melifere, Apis
mellifera L. Teza de doctorat, USAMV Bucuresti. - Heyndricks M., Vandemenlebroecke K., Hoste B., Janssen P., Kersters K., De Vos P., Logan N. A., Ali N., Berkeley R.C.W. (1996)
Reclassification of Paenibacillus (formerly Bacillus) pulvifaciens (Nakamura 1984) Ash et al. 1994, a later subjective synonym of
Paenibacillus (formerly Bacillus) larvae (White 1906) Ash et al. 1994, as a subspecies of P. larvae subsp. pulvifaciens.
International J. Syst. Bact., 46, 1, 270-279. - Priest F.G., 2009. Genus I. Paenibacillus Ash, Priest and Collins 1994. In: (Eds.) P.D. Vos, G. Garrity, D. Jones, N.R. Krieg, W.
Ludwig, F.A. Rainey, K.-H. Schleifer, W.B. Whitman. Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Volume 3: The Firmicutes,
Springer, 305-316.
Positive results for casein decomposition, catalase, gelatin liquefaction, nitrates
reduction to nitrites, acid production from: N-acetylglucosamine, D-fructose, glucose,
glycerol, maltose, mannitol, mannose, ribose and trehalose.
Negative results for starch hydrolysis, phenylalanine, Voges-Proskauer test, ONPG,
hydrolysis of urea, acid production from tagatose and turanose.
Indole production is variable.
reduction to nitrites, acid production from: N-acetylglucosamine, D-fructose, glucose,
glycerol, maltose, mannitol, mannose, ribose and trehalose.
Negative results for starch hydrolysis, phenylalanine, Voges-Proskauer test, ONPG,
hydrolysis of urea, acid production from tagatose and turanose.
Indole production is variable.
(c) Costin Stoica
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| B. laterosporus on solid medium |