Paenibacillus cookii
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Firmicutes, Class Bacilli, Order Bacillales, Family Paenibacillaceae, Genus Paenibacillus, Paenibacillus cookii Logan, De
Clerck, Lebbe, Verhelst, Goris, Forsyth, Rodriguez-Diaz, Heyndrickx and De Vos 2004.
Gram-negative / -variable, motile rods, 0.6–0.8 x 3.0–3.5 μm, occurring singly and in
pairs. Produce ellipsoidal; paracentral/subterminal spores in slightly swollen
sporangium. Endospores are formed within 2-3 days incubation on BFA (
Bacillus
fumarioli
agar) at 30 ºC.
Colonies are convex, transparent with opaque centres, yellowish, and 1-4 mm diam.
after 2 days at 30 ºC on nutrient agar; motile micro colonies are formed and spread
across the surface of the agar, rotating clockwise and anticlockwise. Grow aerobically
and anaerobically. Grow in 2% and 5% NaCl but not in 7% NaCl medium. Grow from
15-20 ºC to 50 ºC, optimum temperature 30 ºC. Grow at pH 5.0-6.5 to 7.5-10.0;
optimum pH 7.0.
Isolated from geothermal soil taken from an active fumarole on Lucifer Hill, a volcano on Candlemas Island, South Sandwich
archipelago, Antarctica, and from a gelatin extract of bovine bones.
Sensitive to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, colistin sulphate, nalidixic acid, kanamycin, streptomycin, tetracycline and nitrofurantoin.
Undetermined.
  1. Priest F.G., 2009. Genus I.  Paenibacillus  Ash, Priest and Collins 1994. In: (Eds.) P.D. Vos, G. Garrity, D. Jones, N.R. Krieg, W.
    Ludwig, F.A. Rainey, K.-H. Schleifer, W.B. Whitman. Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Volume 3: The Firmicutes,
    Springer, 269-295.
  2. Logan, N.A., De Clerck, E., Lebbe, L., Verhelst, A., Goris, J., Forsyth, G., Rodriguez-Diaz, M., Heyndrickx, M. and De Vos,P., 2004.
    Paenibacillus cineris sp. nov. and Paenibacillus cookii sp. nov., from Antarctic volcanic soils and a gelatin-processing plant .
    IJSEM 54, 1071-1076.
Positive results for Voges-Proskauer test, ONPG, hydrolysis of esculin, oxidase, catalase (weak), nitrate reduction, hydrolysis of
casein (weak), acid production from: amygdalin, L-arabinose, arbutin, cellobiose, galactose, beta-gentiobiose, D-glucose, glycerol,  
glycogen, lactose, maltose, melezitose, melibiose, raffinose, ribose, sucrose, salicin, starch, trehalose and D-xylose.

Negative results for citrate utilization, hydrolysis of urea, arginine dihydrolase, lysine decarboxylase, ornithine decarboxylase, indole
production, H
2S production, acid production from: adonitol, D-arabinose, D- or L-arabitol, dulcitol, erythritol, D-fucose, inulin,
meso-inositol, 2-keto-gluconate, L- or D-lyxose, D-mannitol, sorbitol, sorbose, rhamnose and xylitol.

Variable results for hydrolysis of gelatin, acid production from: N-acetylglucosamine, fructose (weak), L-fucose, gluconate (weak),         
5-keto-gluconate and mannose.
(c) Costin Stoica
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