Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Firmicutes, Class Bacilli, Order Bacillales, Family Paenibacillaceae, Genus Paenibacillus, Paenibacillus cookii Logan, De
Clerck, Lebbe, Verhelst, Goris, Forsyth, Rodriguez-Diaz, Heyndrickx and De Vos 2004.
Gram-negative / -variable, motile rods, 0.6–0.8 x 3.0–3.5 μm, occurring singly and in
pairs. Produce ellipsoidal; paracentral/subterminal spores in slightly swollen
sporangium. Endospores are formed within 2-3 days incubation on BFA (Bacillus
fumarioli agar) at 30 ºC.
Colonies are convex, transparent with opaque centres, yellowish, and 1-4 mm diam.
after 2 days at 30 ºC on nutrient agar; motile micro colonies are formed and spread
across the surface of the agar, rotating clockwise and anticlockwise. Grow aerobically
and anaerobically. Grow in 2% and 5% NaCl but not in 7% NaCl medium. Grow from
15-20 ºC to 50 ºC, optimum temperature 30 ºC. Grow at pH 5.0-6.5 to 7.5-10.0;
optimum pH 7.0.
Isolated from geothermal soil taken from an active fumarole on Lucifer Hill, a volcano on Candlemas Island, South Sandwich
archipelago, Antarctica, and from a gelatin extract of bovine bones.
Sensitive to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, colistin sulphate, nalidixic acid, kanamycin, streptomycin, tetracycline and nitrofurantoin.
Undetermined.
- Priest F.G., 2009. Genus I. Paenibacillus Ash, Priest and Collins 1994. In: (Eds.) P.D. Vos, G. Garrity, D. Jones, N.R. Krieg, W.
Ludwig, F.A. Rainey, K.-H. Schleifer, W.B. Whitman. Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Volume 3: The Firmicutes,
Springer, 269-295.
- Logan, N.A., De Clerck, E., Lebbe, L., Verhelst, A., Goris, J., Forsyth, G., Rodriguez-Diaz, M., Heyndrickx, M. and De Vos,P., 2004.
Paenibacillus cineris sp. nov. and Paenibacillus cookii sp. nov., from Antarctic volcanic soils and a gelatin-processing plant .
IJSEM 54, 1071-1076.
Positive results for Voges-Proskauer test, ONPG, hydrolysis of esculin, oxidase, catalase (weak), nitrate reduction, hydrolysis of
casein (weak), acid production from: amygdalin, L-arabinose, arbutin, cellobiose, galactose, beta-gentiobiose, D-glucose, glycerol,
glycogen, lactose, maltose, melezitose, melibiose, raffinose, ribose, sucrose, salicin, starch, trehalose and D-xylose.
Negative results for citrate utilization, hydrolysis of urea, arginine dihydrolase, lysine decarboxylase, ornithine decarboxylase, indole
production, H2S production, acid production from: adonitol, D-arabinose, D- or L-arabitol, dulcitol, erythritol, D-fucose, inulin,
meso-inositol, 2-keto-gluconate, L- or D-lyxose, D-mannitol, sorbitol, sorbose, rhamnose and xylitol.
Variable results for hydrolysis of gelatin, acid production from: N-acetylglucosamine, fructose (weak), L-fucose, gluconate (weak),
5-keto-gluconate and mannose.
(c) Costin Stoica