| Gemella sanguinis |
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Firmicutes, Class Bacilli, Order Lactobacillales, Family Incertae sedis, Genus Gemella, Gemella sanguinis Collins et al.
1999.
1999.
Gram-positive cocci that occur in pairs, in clusters or in short chains. Cells are
sometimes elongate.
sometimes elongate.
Small pinhead colonies on blood agar after 48 hours. Nonpigmented. Some strains
are hemolytic (on horse blood agar). Facultatively anaerobic, growth at 37.0 ºC, no
growth at 10 or 45 ºC. No growth in 6.5% NaCl broth. Grows on media: Trypticase soy
agar supplemented with blood, best on Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented with rabbit
blood. Growth is enhanced by CO2 -enriched atmosphere.
are hemolytic (on horse blood agar). Facultatively anaerobic, growth at 37.0 ºC, no
growth at 10 or 45 ºC. No growth in 6.5% NaCl broth. Grows on media: Trypticase soy
agar supplemented with blood, best on Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented with rabbit
blood. Growth is enhanced by CO2 -enriched atmosphere.
Isolated from human blood cultures, some of patients with subacute bacterial endocarditis.
Unknown. May be an opportunistic human pathogen.
- Collins M.D., Hutson R.A., Falsen E., Sjoden B. & Facklam R.R.: Description of Gemella sanguinis sp. nov., isolated from human
clinical specimens. J. Clin. Microbiol., 1998, 36, 3090-3093. - Martin Dworkin, Stanley Falkow, Eugene Rosenberg, Karl-Heinz Schleifer, Erko Stackebrandt (Editors).: The Prokaryotes 3rd ed.: A
Handbook on the Biology of Bacteria Volume 4: Bacteria: Firmicutes, Cyanobacteria. 2006. - Matthew D. Collins And Enevold Falsen, 2009. Family XI. Incertae Sedis Genus I. Gemella Berger, 1960, 253AL. In: (Eds.) P.D.
Vos, G. Garrity, D. Jones, N.R. Krieg, W. Ludwig, F.A. Rainey, K.-H. Schleifer, W.B. Whitman. Bergey’s Manual of Systematic
Bacteriology, Volume 3: The Firmicutes, Springer, 455-460.
Acetoin production is variable.
Positive results for acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, ester lipase C8, alanine-phenylalanine-proline arylamidase (weak),
pyrrolidonyl arylamidase (weak), pyrazinamidase, esterase C-4, acid production from: glucose, maltose, mannitol, sorbitol & sucrose.
Negative results for arginine dihydrolase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, chymotrypsin, cystine arylamidase, catalase, hippurate
hydrolysis, esculin hydrolysis, alpha-fucosidase, alpha-galactosidase, beta-galactosidase, beta-galacturonidase, beta-glucuronidase,
glycyl-tryptophan arylamidase, leucine arylamidase, lipase C4, beta-mannosidase, nitrates reduction, oxidase, starch hydrolysis,
trypsin, valine arylamidase, urease, acid production from: D-arabitol, L-arabinose, cyclodextrin, glycogen, lactose, inulin, melibiose,
melezitose, methyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside, ribose, raffinose, trehalose & D-xylose.
Positive results for acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, ester lipase C8, alanine-phenylalanine-proline arylamidase (weak),
pyrrolidonyl arylamidase (weak), pyrazinamidase, esterase C-4, acid production from: glucose, maltose, mannitol, sorbitol & sucrose.
Negative results for arginine dihydrolase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, chymotrypsin, cystine arylamidase, catalase, hippurate
hydrolysis, esculin hydrolysis, alpha-fucosidase, alpha-galactosidase, beta-galactosidase, beta-galacturonidase, beta-glucuronidase,
glycyl-tryptophan arylamidase, leucine arylamidase, lipase C4, beta-mannosidase, nitrates reduction, oxidase, starch hydrolysis,
trypsin, valine arylamidase, urease, acid production from: D-arabitol, L-arabinose, cyclodextrin, glycogen, lactose, inulin, melibiose,
melezitose, methyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside, ribose, raffinose, trehalose & D-xylose.
(c) Costin Stoica
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