| Paenibacillus validus |
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characterisics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Firmicutes, Class Bacilli, Order Bacillales, Family Paenibacillaceae, Genus Paenibacillus, Paenibacillus validus (ex
Bredemann and Heigener 1935; Nakamura 1984) Ash, Priest and Collins 1995, emend. Heyndrickx, Vandemeulebroecke,
Scheldeman, Hoste, Kersters, De Vos, Logan, Aziz, Ali, Berkeley 1995.
Basonym: Bacillus validus (ex Bredemann and Heigener 1935) Nakamura 1984.
P. validus is an earlier synonym of P. gordonae (Pichinoty et al. 1987) Ash et al. 1994.
Bredemann and Heigener 1935; Nakamura 1984) Ash, Priest and Collins 1995, emend. Heyndrickx, Vandemeulebroecke,
Scheldeman, Hoste, Kersters, De Vos, Logan, Aziz, Ali, Berkeley 1995.
Basonym: Bacillus validus (ex Bredemann and Heigener 1935) Nakamura 1984.
P. validus is an earlier synonym of P. gordonae (Pichinoty et al. 1987) Ash et al. 1994.
Gram-positive, motile (peritrichous flagella) rods, 0.5-1.0 x 5-7 μm. Produce terminal /
subterminal, ellipsoidal spore in swollen sporangium.
subterminal, ellipsoidal spore in swollen sporangium.
Colonies are grayish-white, translucent, smooth, flat, 1-2 mm in diameter after 3 days
at 30 ºC. Selective growth on phenanthrene has resulted in isolation of Paenibacillus
validus strains. Grows on nutrient agar. Aerobic growth. No anaerobic growth. Growth
temperature 5-10 to 45-50 ºC, optimum 28-30 ºC. Grows in 2% NaCl, but not at 3, 5
or 7% NaCl. Grows at pH 5.6.
at 30 ºC. Selective growth on phenanthrene has resulted in isolation of Paenibacillus
validus strains. Grows on nutrient agar. Aerobic growth. No anaerobic growth. Growth
temperature 5-10 to 45-50 ºC, optimum 28-30 ºC. Grows in 2% NaCl, but not at 3, 5
or 7% NaCl. Grows at pH 5.6.
Isolated from soil and estuarine sediments. Resistance to lysozyme 0.001% is negative.
Undetermined.
- Nakamura L.K., 1984. Bacillus amylolyticus sp. nov., nom. rev., Bacillus lautus sp. nov., nom. rev., Bacillus pabuli sp. nov., nom.
rev., and Bacillus validus sp. nov., nom. rev. IJSB 34, 2, 224-226. - Heyndrickx M., Vandemeulebroecke K., Scheldeman P., Hoste B., Kersters K., De Vos P., Logan N.A., Aziz A.M., Ali N. and Berkeley
R.C.W., 1995. Paenibacillus (Formerly Bacillus) gordonae (Pichinoty et al. 1986) Ash et al. 1994 Is a Later Subjective Synonym of
Paenibacillus (Formerly Bacillus) validus (Nakamura 1984) Ash et al. 1994: Emended Description of P. validus. IJSB 45, 4, 661-
669. - Priest F.G., 2009. Genus I. Paenibacillus Ash, Priest and Collins 1994. In: (Eds.) P.D. Vos, G. Garrity, D. Jones, N.R. Krieg, W.
Ludwig, F.A. Rainey, K.-H. Schleifer, W.B. Whitman. Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Volume 3: The Firmicutes,
Springer, 269-295.
Positive results for catalase, hydrolysis of esculin, hydrolysis of starch, hydrolysis of Tween 80, hydrolysis of urea, acid production
from: fructose, galactose, D-glucose, methyl-D-glucoside, glycerol, meso-inositol, maltose, D-mannitol, ribose, sucrose, trehalose,
D-turanose & D-xylose.
Negative results for arginine dihydrolase, ornithine decarboxylase, lysine decarboxylase, citrate utilization, H2S production, indole
production, hydrolysis of gelatin, oxidase, ONPG, degradation of tyrosine, acid production from: N-acetylglucosamine, adonitol,
amygdalin, L- or D-arabinose, L- or D-arabitol, arbutin, erythritol, D- or L-fucose, gentiobiose, D-gluconate, 2- or 5-keto-gluconate,
D-lyxose, D-melezitose, methyl-D-mannoside, rhamnose, salicin, sorbose, L-xylose & methyl-D-xyloside.
Variable results for nitrate reduction (weak), Voges-Proskauer (weak), acid production from: cellobiose, dulcitol, glycogen, inulin,
lactose, mannose, melibiose, raffinose, starch, sorbitol & xylitol.
from: fructose, galactose, D-glucose, methyl-D-glucoside, glycerol, meso-inositol, maltose, D-mannitol, ribose, sucrose, trehalose,
D-turanose & D-xylose.
Negative results for arginine dihydrolase, ornithine decarboxylase, lysine decarboxylase, citrate utilization, H2S production, indole
production, hydrolysis of gelatin, oxidase, ONPG, degradation of tyrosine, acid production from: N-acetylglucosamine, adonitol,
amygdalin, L- or D-arabinose, L- or D-arabitol, arbutin, erythritol, D- or L-fucose, gentiobiose, D-gluconate, 2- or 5-keto-gluconate,
D-lyxose, D-melezitose, methyl-D-mannoside, rhamnose, salicin, sorbose, L-xylose & methyl-D-xyloside.
Variable results for nitrate reduction (weak), Voges-Proskauer (weak), acid production from: cellobiose, dulcitol, glycogen, inulin,
lactose, mannose, melibiose, raffinose, starch, sorbitol & xylitol.
(c) Costin Stoica
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