Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Firmicutes, Class Bacilli, Order Bacillales, Family Paenibacillaceae, Genus Paenibacillus, Paenibacillus cineris Logan, De
Clerck, Lebbe, Verhelst, Goris, Forsyth, Rodriguez-Diaz, Heyndrickx and De Vos 2004.
Gram-negative / -variable, motile rods, 0.7-0.9 x 2.5-4.0 μm, occurring singly and in
pairs. Produce ellipsoidal; paracentral / subterminal spores in swollen sporangium.
Endospores are formed within 2-3 days incubation on BFA (Bacillus fumarioli agar) at
30 ºC.
Colonies are low convex, with slightly irregular edges, opaque and glossy and light
beige to greyish with paler margins, and 1-5 mm diameter after 2 days at 30 ºC on
Nutrient agar. Grow aerobically and anaerobically. Grow in 2% & 3% NaCl but not in
5% NaCl medium. Grow at 8-15 ºC to 50 ºC, optimum temperature 30 ºC. Grow at pH
5.0-6.5 to 7.5-11.0; optimum pH 7.0.
Isolated from the ashy soil of a cold, dead fumarole at the foot of Lucifer Hill, a volcano on Candlemas Island, South Sandwich
archipelago, Antarctica.
Resistant to kanamycin and tetracycline. Sensitive to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, colistin sulphate, nalidixic acid and nitrofurantoin.
Undetermined.
- Priest F.G., 2009. Genus I. Paenibacillus Ash, Priest and Collins 1994. In: (Eds.) P.D. Vos, G. Garrity, D. Jones, N.R. Krieg, W.
Ludwig, F.A. Rainey, K.-H. Schleifer, W.B. Whitman. Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Volume 3: The Firmicutes,
Springer, 269-295.
- Logan, N.A., De Clerck, E., Lebbe, L., Verhelst, A., Goris, J., Forsyth, G., Rodriguez-Diaz, M., Heyndrickx, M. and De Vos,P., 2004.
Paenibacillus cineris sp. nov. and Paenibacillus cookii sp. nov., from Antarctic volcanic soils and a gelatin-processing plant .
IJSEM 54, 1071-1076.
Positive results for catalase, oxidase, hydrolysis of casein (weak reaction), hydrolysis of esculin, nitrate reduction, ONPG, acid
production from: N-acetylglucosamine, amygdalin, L-arabinose, arbutin, cellobiose, fructose, galactose, beta-gentiobiose,
meso-inositol, D-glucose, lactose, maltose, D-mannitol, melezitose, melibiose, raffinose, ribose, salicin, sucrose, starch, trehalose &
D-xylose.
Negative results for hydrolysis of gelatin, hydrolysis of urea, arginine dihydrolase, lysine decarboxylase, ornithine decarboxylase,
indole production, H2S production, citrate utilization, acid production from: adonitol, D- or L-arabitol, dulcitol, erythritol, D- or L-fucose,
glycerol, gluconate, 2- or 5-keto-gluconate, D-lyxose, rhamnose, sorbose, xylitol & L-xylose.
Variable results for Voges-Proskauer (weak reaction), acid production from: D-arabinose (weak reaction), glycogen, inulin, mannose
& sorbitol (weak reaction).
(c) Costin Stoica